探討兩岸製造業生產績效之差異-共同邊界分析法之應用

A Study on the performance of Taiwan and China Manufacting Industry-Metafrontier Application

林坤鋒(Kuen-Feng Lin)

指導教授 ： 徐芳霞

國立臺北大學/社會科學學院/經濟學系/碩士(2014年)

摘要

本文以兩岸製造業為研究對象，將其分類成19個業別，實證年度為9年，利用資本與勞動做為投入變數，附加價值做為產出變數，使用資料包絡分析法求得兩岸製造業效率值並加以比較。由於兩岸生產環境有所差異，受評單位之技術水準有其共通性，也有其特殊性，在不同的群組中所求得的效率無法直接比較。因此，我們以兩岸生產集合建立一條共同生產邊界，在共通性技術基準下進行相對效率比較。實證結果如下:

1. 純技術效率我國製造業在早期觀察年度優於中國大陸，在2000年時中國大陸超越台灣。
2. 中國大陸製造業歷年均為規模報酬遞減，而我國製造業在所有觀察年度均優於中國大陸。
3. 我國共同技術比率皆優於中國大陸，而中國整體MTR值在1999年前呈現下滑的趨勢，1999年後呈現微幅上升的趨勢。
4. 台灣大多數產業之純技術效率值優於中國大陸，但在2006年時，優於中國大陸的產業中除了木竹製品製造業、紙漿紙及紙製品製造業以及石油及煤製品製造業保持優勢外，其餘皆被中國大陸所超越。
5. 規模效率值優於中國大陸的產業個數又比純技術效率來的多，且這些產業在2006年時也一樣保持著這樣的優勢。

最後，針對純技術效率進行Tobit迴歸分析，整體分析而言台灣純技術效率值優於中國大陸，並且在資本勞動比以及研發投入比皆為正向顯著，時間趨勢變數多數為顯著，以2006年做為基準年度可看出兩岸製造業在2000年效率表現最差，其次為1995年，而1996年兩岸製造業效率表現與2006年最為相近。產業類別變數則皆為不顯著。若分群組探討，台灣群組在資本勞動比以及研發投入比皆為正向顯著。時間趨勢變數大多不顯著，僅有1996年為正向顯著。產業類別變數則是三個虛擬變數均為正向顯著。另一方面中國群組卻是在資本勞動比以及研發投入比呈現負向顯著，效率隨時間有改善的現象，產業類別也均為顯著。

關鍵字

資料包絡分析 ； 技術效率 ； 績效評估 ； 製造業 ； 共同邊界分析

並列摘要

This essay target on the both sides of the straits’ manufacturing and we divide it into 19 subcategories. Using capital and labor to get the input variable, added value to get the output variable and data envelopment analysis to get the both sides’ manufacturing efficiency values. At the same time, we use those data to compare all the value. Due to the difference of the production environment between the both sides, the technical standard of decision making unit has its commonality and specialty; therefore, we could not compare directly the efficiency among the different groups. Thus, we use both sides’ production set to create a metafrontier and compare the efficiency with the common technical standards. The empirical results are as follows:
1. In the over period, our country’s manufacturing pure technical efficiency is superior to the People Republic of China; however, the People Republic of China’s pure technical efficiency surpass our country’s in 2000.
2. The People Republic of China’s manufacturing is all decreasing returns to scale over the years and our country’s manufacturing exceed to the People Republic of China’s over the period.
3. Our country’s metatechnology ratio is superior to the People Republic of China’s. The overall MTR values in the People Republic of China are downward before1999 but the overall MTR values are slightly upward after 1999.
4. Most of Taiwan’s pure technical efficiency is better than the People Republic of China’s. Nevertheless, in 2006, the industries which kept advantages from the People Republic of China are only remaining for wood and bamboo manufacturing, pulp, paper, and paper manufacturing and petroleum and coal products manufacturing. Other manufacturing is overtaking by the People Republic of China.
5. The industries which the scale efficiency are higher than the People Republic of China are more than the industries which have pure technical efficiency and those industries still kept advantages in 2006.
In the last, we aim the pure technical efficiency at the Tobit regression analysis. Taiwan’s pure technical efficiency is better than the People Republic of China’s and the capital labor ratio and research and development investment ratio are all positive significant. In addition, most of the time trend variables are significant. We use year 2006 as the baseline year that we could realize that the worst manufacturing efficiency between both sides occurred in 2000 and the worse manufacturing efficiency between both sides occurred in 1995. The both sides’ manufacturing efficiency performance in 1996 is most similar to 2006’s. The industrial classification variables are not significant. If we discuss it by groups, Taiwan’s groups are positive significant in capital labor ratio and research and development investment ratio and the time trend variable are not significant. On the other side, the People Republic of China’s groups are negative significant in capital labor ratio and research and development investment ratio. The efficiency is getting better from time to time and also the industrial classification is all significant.

並列關鍵字

technical efficiency ； Data Envelopment Analysis ； Manufacting Industry ； Metafrontier

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