利用高壓加工技術提升毛豆γ-胺基丁酸含量及其抗憂鬱機能之研究

Study of γ-Aminobutyric Acid Enrichment in Vegetable Soybeans by High Pressure Processing and its Antidepressant Effect

賴彥廷(Yen-Ting Lai)

指導教授 ： 徐源泰

共同指導教授 ： 吳思節(Sz-Jie Wu)

國立臺灣大學/生物資源暨農學院/園藝暨景觀學系/碩士(2017年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU201703803

摘要

本研究旨在以高壓加工技術(High pressure process, HPP) 富化毛豆γ-胺基丁酸 (gamma-aminobutyric acid, GABA)含量，並探究最適高壓處理條件、儲放時間、儲放溫度及其抗憂鬱機能。以異硫氰酸苯酯(phenylisothiocyanate, PITC)試劑進行柱前衍生化，將毛豆以100-600 Mpa條件分別處理帶殼毛豆、莢殼、毛豆仁，並透過建立HPLC分析方法檢測GABA含量，以確認HPP加工技術的最佳富化處理條件。
由實驗結果可得知，高壓加工技術可有效增加毛豆中GABA含量之生成，200 MPa為富化毛豆GABA含量之最適高壓條件。經200 Mpa條件處理的毛豆，其GABA含量顯著高於對照組，帶殼毛豆可達436.05 mg/100g，莢殼可達524.65 mg/100g，毛豆仁於300 MPa條件下可達296.85 mg/100g。麩胺酸含量變化於高壓處理後在500和600 MPa條件時較高，而GABA在同高壓條件時含量較低，兩者趨勢呈反比，顯示麩胺酸受關鍵酵素作用而生成GABA，以致GABA生成量多時麩胺酸含量減少。麩醯胺酸含量於200 MPa條件下會隨高壓處理增加。
以最佳富化條件高壓後的毛豆莢殼水萃物餵食不可預期慢性壓力模式誘導的憂鬱小鼠，由尾部懸吊試驗可得知服用毛豆水萃物高劑量組(102.5 mg/kg bw)的小鼠於第一週至第四週皆較控制組、正控制組(市售含GABA 25.6 mg/kg bw)及毛豆水萃物低劑量組(25.6 mg/kg bw)等組別有最少的不動時間，顯示服用高劑量毛豆水萃物對減少小鼠憂鬱情形有顯著效果。由開放空間試驗的探索站立次數可得知，憂鬱小鼠服用較高劑量之水萃物會有明顯探索行為，顯示服用毛豆莢殼水萃物可減緩憂鬱之症狀。

關鍵字

γ-胺基丁酸 ； 毛豆 ； 高壓加工技術 ； 麩胺酸 ； 尾部懸吊試驗 ； 開放空間試驗 ； 不可預期慢性壓力模式

並列摘要

The objective o f this research way to investigate the influence of high pressure processing（HPP）on γ-aminobutyric acid enrichment in vegetable soybeans and its antidepressant effect, the optimum HPP condition,storage time and temperature were also studied. 100-600 MPa were used to treat the whole vegetable soybean, pod, and kernel. After the treatments, GABA extracted from different vegetable soybean positions, derived with phenylisothiocyanate（PITC）, were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography and examined in order to identify the best potential conditions of GABA production.
The results showed that HPP could effectively increase the content of GABA in soybean and the optimum conditions of HPP treatment were 200 MPa, the GABA content of the treated vegetable soybean was significantly higher than the control group. The GABA content in the whole vegetable soybean was 436.05 mg/100g, vegetable soybean pod was 524.65 mg/100g , vegetable soybean kernel was 296.85 mg/100g .After HPP, the content of glutamate was higher at 500 and 600 MPa, while the GABA contents was lower in the same high pressure condition,and the two trends were inversely proportional to the effect of glutamate acting on the key enzyme to produce GABA, this clearly shows that increasing the amount of GABA production but reducing the glutamate content.
The unpredictable chronic mild stress-induced mice were fed with optimum conditions for high-pressure soybean pod water extract. The tail suspension test showed that the immobility time of the 102.5 mg/kg dose group was significantly shorter than that of the other groups. By the number of open field test to explore the number of standing , it could be learned that the mice with increased depression symptom taking higher doses of water extract could have a clear exploration of behavior, and namely taking water extract of soybean pod could slow down their symptoms of depression.

並列關鍵字

γ-aminobutyric acid ； vegetable soybean ； high pressure process ； glutamate ； tail suspension test ； open field test ； unpredictable chronic mild stress

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