天然及人造高鋯大理石之耐候及力學性質比較研究

A Comparison Study on Weather Resistance and Mechanical Properties between Natural Marble and High-Zirconium Artificial Marble

邱纓喬(Ying-Chiao Chiu)

指導教授 ： 陳柏翰

共同指導教授 ： 廖文正(Wen-Cheng Liao)

國立臺灣大學/工學院/土木工程學研究所/博士(2021年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU202102420

摘要

在建築美學中，除了建築設計占重要的一環，搭配著建築物在外牆材料的應用更是不可或缺的重要元素。台灣是亞熱帶島嶼，建築外飾材對於環境的耐候性值得關注。白色建築物在外飾材中，無論是做為主體還是裝飾性線條，都受極端風化條件的影響。特別是天然大理石可以為建築物提供美觀、耐用性和可持續性，但是它們的物理性能、孔隙率、耐酸鹼性，都是耐候性影響美觀的關鍵因素。
天然大理石做為外牆的飾面，除了呈現美觀與高雅外，在面對多雨及酸雨的海島型國家是否適用值得研究。是故本研究以白色大理石做為建築外牆的設計，觀察在亞熱帶氣候環境經過天然風化後外觀的影響，因此搭建了高度5.68 米、寬度8.8 米的外牆，測試經過曝曬雨淋後，天然大理石在強度和表面潔淨度的變化。實驗經歷了兩年的追蹤，從研究結果來看，大理石在多雨及酸雨的環境中，從抗壓實驗結果表明，力學性質無折減，反應了石材在抗壓強度上無影響。但是，白色大理石經過日曬雨淋後6 個月後，外觀上已經有污漬及孔隙的產生，因此本研究也對於材料本身的成分作分析，以了解質變的原因與力學性質在風化前後的分析。以白色大理石做為建築外牆的設計，在這多雨及酸雨的海島型國家雖然應用性佳，但類似天然石材在表面潔淨度的影響，未來使用者在設計上應審慎考慮。
研究指出，成分原料含鋯與二氧化矽可以增加石材的耐候性、且不易變色、而且具有抗壓性。著眼於此，本研究以包含相關成分之人造高鋯大理石（後以人造石簡稱）做研究，觀察在台灣（宜蘭）及台灣（台北）兩棟建物經過曝曬雨淋後，人造石在表面潔淨度的變化。實驗經歷了兩年的追蹤，從研究結果來看，人造石在多雨的環境中，外觀無變化，而添加石材防護塗料的黑色人造石，經歷兩個月後，有覆蓋塗料的黑色人造石產生了顏色變化，表面出現了污漬，沒有覆蓋塗料的白色人造石經歷了兩年維持相同的潔淨度。在台灣（台北）的案例中，2020年2 月施作外牆使用整棟白色人造石，於2020 年9 月拆架後，顏色無影響，潔白如新。而人造石再進一步於極端氣候環境進行檢驗，也通過了相關測試。因此，本研究以人造石做為建築外牆的設計，不影響石材表面的潔淨度，在這多雨及酸雨的海島型國家應用性佳。

關鍵字

天然大理石 ； 酸雨 ； 質變 ； 人造石 ； 人造高鋯大理石 ； 仿石材 ； 耐候性

並列摘要

In architectural aesthetics, in addition to architectural design occupies an important part, it is also an indispensable and important element in conjunction with the application of building materials for exterior walls. Taiwan is a subtropical island, and the weather resistance of building materials to the environment is worth to pay attention to. The white building including its main body and the decorative lines, are affected by extreme weathering conditions and affects the durability of the building's appearance. In particular, white natural stone can provide buildings with beauty, durability and sustainability, but their physical properties, porosity, acid and alkali resistance are all key factors that affect the beauty of weather resistance.
Natural marble as the exterior wall finish, in addition to showing beauty and elegance, it is worth studying whether it is suitable for island-type countries facing rainy and acid rain. Therefore, this research uses white marble as the design of the exterior wall of the building to observe the influence of the exterior wall surface after atmospheric weathering in the subtropical climate environment. Therefore, in addition to analyzing the properties and composition of the material itself, this research also built an exterior wall with a height of 5.68 meters and a width of 8.8 meters for testing the changes in strength and surface cleanliness of natural marble after exposure to rain. The experiment has been traced for two years. According to the research results, the compressive test results of marble in a rainy and acid rain environment shows that the mechanical properties are not reduced, reflecting that the stone has no effect on the compressive strength. However, after the white marble has been exposed to the sun and rain for 6 months, stains and pores have appeared on the appearance. Therefore, the design of white marble as the exterior wall of the building has a good applicability under rainy and acid rain island countries, but the impact of natural stone on the surface cleanliness, future users should carefully consider the design.
Studies have pointed out that the raw materials containing zirconium and silicon dioxide can increase the weather resistance of the stone, and it is difficult to be changed its color and has a compression resistance character. Focusing on this, this research tried to find the stone containing this ingredient and sent it to SGS for inspection for weather resistance research experiments.
This article also uses Spanish artificial stone for research to observe the changes in the surface cleanliness of Spanish artificial stone after two buildings which are located in Taiwan (Yilan) and Taiwan (Taipei), exposed to natural whether test. After being tracked for two years, the experiment results told us: the artificial stone has no change in appearance in a rainy and acid rain environment. The materials used in this batch of experiments are artificial stone from Spain. The external wall construction was carried out in Taiwan (Yilan) in February 2018. The external wall construction included the use of original white artificial stone and black artificial stone with paint protection. Stone, after two months, the black artificial stone covered with paint had a color change and stains appeared on the surface, while the white artificial stone without covering paint maintained the same cleanliness for two years. In the case of Taiwan (Taipei), the entire white Spanish artificial stone was used as the exterior wall in February 2020. After the frame was dismantled in September 2020, the color has no effect and it is as white as new.
Therefore, this study uses Spanish artificial stone as the design of the exterior wall of the building, which does not affect the cleanliness of the stone surface, and has good application in this rainy and acid rain island country.

並列關鍵字

Natural marble ； acid rain ； property change ； man-made stone ； artificial high-zirconium marble ； faux stone ； weather resistance

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