輕軌運輸系統與獨立號誌化路口容量之研究

A Study on LRT and At-grade Signalized Intersection Capacity

邱榮梧(Jung-Wu Chiu)

指導教授 ： 許添本

國立臺灣大學/工學院/土木工程學研究所/碩士(2006年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2006.01042

摘要

國內對於引進半專用路權型式之輕軌系統後，道路整體績效將會產生什麼樣的影響一直存有爭議；本研究以產生適用於國內交通環境之模式為目標，建立輕軌運輸之軌道容量與引進輕軌後對於路口整體容量的影響程度分析架構。由於國內目前並無輕軌運輸系統，本研究實地調查香港與歐洲輕軌之列車運行和乘客服務模式，針對不同上、下車乘客需求情境建立迴歸式，推估所需之停站時間；並選取台北市信義輕軌規劃路線進行案例分析。本研究整合專用路權軌道運輸系統與受號誌化路口控制的大眾運輸系統之容量概念，藉由前、後兩列車所需保持之安全煞停時距、停站時距與營運餘裕時距，加入路口號誌影響因素與清站時距，應用數學模式推估輕軌運輸系統專屬之公式，透過已營運之香港屯門輕軌系統進行驗證，誤差於接受範圍內。並運用已知列車基本維度條件下，利用站、座位與車內空間佈設之關係，提出車廂容量推估模式。引進輕軌運輸系統對於路口容量的影響本研究分為三階段處理，首先在道路配置已知情況下，輕軌設施佔用原有道路面積所造成的路口容量折減，透過模擬模式VISSIM得到可能的影響值；其次從道路控制策略改變觀點探討輕軌列車號誌設計與一般車輛速限調整，號誌設計連帶影響各方向車流可通過路口之時間，整體路口容量亦隨之改變；最後考量輕軌系統營運方式對車流所造成之阻斷現象，延續公路容量手冊調整係數概念分別就輕軌系統相關參數進行模擬，針對汽、機車等不同性質之交通流動受到的影響加以分析；引進輕軌運輸系統所造成之容量影響機車改變程度較小汽車為高，左轉車流受到較大之影響，隨著班次密集增加影響有加成狀況，輕軌轉向則是左轉列車對車流之阻斷時間較長；班次數調整係曲線型態為倒數型式，輕軌列車速度、長度與停讓決策點長度皆為線性，雙向時差係數則呈多次式之曲線型態。

關鍵字

輕軌運輸系統 ； 軌道容量 ； 號誌化路口容量

並列摘要

Because there is no LRT system in Taiwan, this study made field surveys in Hong Kong and European cities to build the LRT operating model and the passenger flow time regressions for different demand situations. Besides this study also investigated traffic flow and driving behavior in signalized intersection to input localized parameters. This research integrated capacity concepts segregation railway system and type B right-of-way transit including safety separation time, dwell time, operating margin and g/C ratio factor. Proving by actual operating data of the LRT of Hong Kong, the LRT railway capacity this research built actually applies to Asian cities. Moreover this research founded the train capacity estimating process by spatial design and numbers of seats and standees. This research divided at-grade crossing influenced by the LRT operation into three stages. The first one is to suppose that facilities for the LRT would decrease road space for vehicles to use and adopt VISSIM to simulate differences. The second stage is to change the traffic control strategies like speed limit or signal design through the length of green phase. The last one is to continue the outcomes of HCM to measure how operation of LRT would interrupt the traffic flow and consider two modes: motorcycle with vehicle. Differences of capacity of motorcycle influenced by LRT are larger than vehicle and ones of left-turn is larger than right-turn especially intensive headway. Left-turn LRT would interrupt more traffic flow. Curves of factor of headway shape inversive type. The shape of length and speed of LRT and yield distance are all linear. Offset of headway of two-way shapes high-order nonlinear.

並列關鍵字

Light Rail Transit ； Railway Capacity ； Signalized Intersection

參考文獻

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