- 學位論文
淺析互聯網金融的盈利模式、風險管理及未來發展
Investigation on Profit Model, Risk Management and Future Development of Internet Finance
摘要
互聯網金融是指依託於支付、雲計算、社交網路以及搜尋引擎等互聯網工具，實現資金融通、支付和資訊仲介等業務的一種新興金融。中國互聯網金融行業目前主要包括互聯網支付、互聯網融資、互聯網理財產品銷售服務。新的金融形式既對傳統金融機構形成直接衝擊，也帶來了新的風險和問題，對監管提出了挑戰。 互聯網金融行業與傳統金融行業在很多方面差異顯著：對外在商務結構上，互聯網金融行業擁有全新的基於互聯網的交易對象、交易方式、交易通路和交易對手等；對內在業務結構上，很多業務內容如採購、行銷、客戶服務等也需要通過互聯網的創新。因此，作為互聯網金融行業的三個主要競爭主體，傳統金融業者、互聯網新興企業和互聯網巨頭需要從外部環境和內部系統兩個面向重新審視自己。如果想要在互聯網金融這個領域取得成功，必須改變傳統的想法，從根本上進行盈利模式和商業模式的創新。 風險管理是金融業的永恆主題，在互聯網金融行業發展壯大過程中始終不能放鬆對風險控制的要求。伴隨經濟的發展，經濟金融運行中的風險在不斷發生變化，這就需要通過金融改革、金融創新來管理風險。在巴塞爾協議定義的金融業三大風險分類即市場風險、信用風險、作業風險基礎上，結合互聯網企業本身的特點，以及中國特殊的經濟、政治和市場環境，本文將詳細討論互聯網金融企業可能面臨的外部和內部業務風險。 今日中國的金融消費者，可支配收入不斷提高，但金融資產結構仍不成熟。當然現有的金融產品供給極不充分，也難以滿足消費者需求。放眼未來，這些金融消費者會將自己的資產放在哪裡？本文將介紹基於互聯網的合作信貸、合作保險以及行動支付與金融等充滿潛力的創新理財模式，並討論消費者如何在這些理財方式中選擇以及如何保障自己的財務穩定與安全。 本文還將討論在當前的環境下中國互聯網金融企業的出路。金融監管的改革，帶來的到底是機遇還是陷阱？互聯網市場客戶需求的變化，是該緊跟步伐還是以不變應萬變？大數據技術如何説明企業發掘客戶需求？最後分別選取中國互聯網金融行業細分領域內的幾個典型代表進行案例分析。
並列摘要
Internet finance is an emerging financial domain, relying on payment technology, cloud computing, social networking, search engines and other Internet tools to achieve functions like financing, payment and information intermediation. The new form of finance could have direct impact on traditional financial institutions, and bring new problems, which challenge regulatory authorities. There are many remarkable differences between Internet finance and traditional financial sector. Internet finance owns new Internet-based trading partners, trading methods, trading channels and trading counterparties. As the three main competitors in this area, the Internet giants, the traditional banking industry and Internet startups have to create appropriate profit model and business model. Risk management is an eternal theme of the financial industry. Requirements for risk control should never been relaxed during the growth process of Internet finance. With the rapid economic development, financial risks are constantly changing, which requires financial reform, financial innovation for management. Considering China's special economic, political and market conditions, this article will discuss external and internal business risks that Internet finance business may face in detail. The disposable income of China's financial consumers is rising, but the structure of their financial assets is far from mature. The existing supply of financial products is extremely inadequate at present, and is thus difficult to meet consumer demand. This article will introduce several innovative Internet-based financial models like cooperative credit, cooperative insurance, mobile payments and finance. It will also elaborate how consumers choose their wealth management way and how to protect their financial stability and security. Besides, the article will state the way out of local Internet financial companies in the current financial environment. Financial regulatory reform brings an opportunity or a trap? Changes in customer demand in the Internet market should be kept up with the pace or maintained the status quo? How big data technologies help companies uncover customer needs? Finally, a few typical cases within the Chinese Internet financial industry are studied.