建築老舊程度與視覺偏好關係之探討

Examining the Relationships between Buildings’ Oldness and Visual Preference.

劉彥彤(Yen-Tung Liu)

指導教授 ： 鄭佳昆

國立臺灣大學/生物資源暨農學院/園藝暨景觀學系/碩士(2020年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU202003903

摘要

歷史場所經常面臨存留與更新的議題，如何留下具有價值的老舊痕跡，遂成為現代發展下的重要課題。過去相關研究在探討老舊痕跡與偏好評價時產生了分歧的結果，位於不同類別之物體上的老舊痕跡會引發正負向評價，在不同背景下的人們對於老舊痕跡的看法也會不同。因此本次研究從影響老舊痕跡與偏好評價的情感因素和認知因素來探討老舊痕跡與視覺偏好的關係。
研究一探討地方依附與老舊感知的關係，當人們對於地點有較高的地方情感依附時，對環境中的老化是否會有較高的評價。研究採用現地問卷調查輔以半結構式訪談進行，問卷內容包含整體老舊感知評價、地方依附、實驗照片和個人基本資料等，結果顯示地方依附與老舊感知評價呈正向關係，並且地方依附構面中的地方認同會完全中介地方依賴對老舊感知評價的影響。
研究二從認知方面來探討歷史建築老舊程度、典型性與視覺偏好的關係。採用問卷調查法，內容包含視覺偏好、典型性、老舊程度和建築功能認知，結果顯示老舊程度與視覺偏好呈現非線性相關，視覺偏好最大值出現約在中低度等級的老舊程度狀況；典型性會中介老舊程度與偏好的關係，並且正向影響偏好。在老舊程度較高的情況，傾向於認定為歷史建築者會有最高的偏好，傾向於認定為建築遺址遺跡者的偏好最低。
研究三以典型性觀點來解釋建築環境老舊程度、道地性與視覺偏好的關係，並加入懷舊傾向的心理特徵來預測個人追求過去事物的程度，在不同古鎮標誌及索引的地點檢測這些關係。結果顯示外觀上的標誌道地性受到老舊程度和地點影響，老舊程度會促進古鎮標誌道地性，減損渡假村標誌道地性，並且在具有古鎮元素的地點時，地點對古鎮標誌道地性的影響會受到懷舊傾向強化。進一步選擇古鎮和渡假村兩地點進行分析，部分驗證了標誌道地性透過索引道地性影響的關係，亦驗證老舊程度透過標誌道地性影響視覺偏好的關係，且此關係會因地點特性與道地的類別而有方向性的改變。整體研究結果有助於了解人們如何評價環境中具有老舊程度的建築，並證實基於不同對象類別評價會有所歧異，在老舊程度促進的道地類別與地點特性相符時才能最大化視覺景觀偏好。

關鍵字

視覺景觀偏好 ； 道地性 ； 典型性 ； 老舊痕跡 ； 古色

並列摘要

Historical places often face the issue of preservation and renewal. How to leave valuable old traces has become an important issue under modern development. Relevant research in the past has produced divergent results when discussing old traces and preference evaluation. Old traces located on different types of objects, and the same objects viewed from different types will produce positive or negative evaluation. Therefore, this study explored the relationship between old traces and visual preferences from the emotional and cognitive factors that affect the evaluation of old traces and preferences.
Study 1 explored the relationship between place attachment and old perception. When people have a high place emotional attachment to a place, will they have a higher evaluation of aging in the environment? The study was conducted using an on-site questionnaire survey supplemented by semi-structured interviews. The questionnaire contained the overall old perception evaluation, local attachment, experimental photos and personal information. The results showed that place attachment is positively related to the old perception evaluation, and place identity fully mediated the influence of place dependence on the evaluation of old perception.
Study 2 explored the relationship between oldness, typicality and visual preference of historic buildings from a cognitive perspective. The study was conducted using an Internet questionnaire survey with items about visual preference, typicality, oldness and building function recognition. The results showed that oldness is nonlinearly related to the visual preference, and the maximum value of visual preference appeared at the middle-low level of oldness. Typicality mediates the relationship between oldness and preference, and positively affects preference. In the case of a high degree of oldness. Those who tended to regard stimuli as historical architectures had the highest preference, while those who tend to regard stimuli as architectural ruins had the lowest preference.
Study 3 explored the relationship between the oldness, authenticity and visual preference of the built environment from typicality theory. Nostalgic proneness was included as a psychological characteristic to predict the tendency of the individual's pursuit of past things, and examined these relationships at different locations of ancient town icons and indexes. The results showed that the iconic authenticity was affected by the aging degree and location. The aging degree will promote the iconic authenticity of the ancient town and reduce the iconic authenticity of the resort. The influence of site on iconic authenticity of ancient town was positively moderated by nostalgic proneness. Further analysis with two locations, which were ancient towns and resorts, partly verified that iconic authenticity affected visual preference through index authenticity. Also, and the relationship between the oldness and the visual preference through iconic authenticity was verified, and the directional changes of the relationship varied with site and authentic categories. Overall, the research results was conductive to understand how people evaluate buildings with old traces in the environment, confirming that the evaluation based on different object categories will be different, and visual landscape preference would be maximized only if the authenticity category promoted by the degree of oldness matched the characteristics of sites.

並列關鍵字

preference ； authenticity ； typicality ； old traces ； patina

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