國際移民對家庭教育，勞動和支出份額的影響 — 以印尼為例

Children Education, Labor and Expenditure Shares in Overseas Migrant Households: A Study from Indonesia

莊飛揚(Hafizha Dea Iftina)

指導教授 ： 劉錦添

國立臺灣大學/社會科學院/經濟學研究所/碩士(2020年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU202004003

摘要

在勞動經濟學中，國際移民計劃被認為是一個很好的政策，因爲它可以改善家戶中小孩的教育水準和營養，進而促進經濟發展。本文使用印尼的長期縱橫調查資料來分析國際匯款對兒童教育、勞動力和家庭支出份額的影響。我們使用Probit模型作為第一階段估計，OLS回歸作為第二階段估計，實證結果發現當移民到國外的機率上升將會使6-8歲兒童上學的百分比顯著的增加，並降低童工的百分比。此外，我們利用Engel消費函數來模擬家戶消費行為，為了解決消費行為的內生性問題，我們使用海克曼兩階段選擇模型來進行分析，實證結果發現對於三年中都有移民的家戶，一週的總支出上升，其中教育支出份額增加3.5倍，醫療支出增加3.2倍，住房支出增加36倍。

關鍵字

移民 ； 印尼 ； 匯款 ； IFLS ； Heckman

並列摘要

Labor economists often support the international migration scheme because it targets the core of economic development; education and nutrition. This paper has used data from a large, panel household longitudinal survey in Indonesia to analyze the impact of international remittances on children education, labor and household expenditure share. We use Probit as first stage and OLS regression as the second stage, we find that a rise of the probability on having migrants abroad significantly increases the percentage of children between 6 to 8 in school and will likely decrease the percentage of children working. Using Engel consumption function to model the expenditure behavior, we analyze major expenditure patterns using Two Stage Heckman Selection Model to empirically account for the interdependence of decisions, we find that for households that send migrants through all the three years, an increase in the total expenditure of the week, will increase the expenditure for education 3.5 times higher than the counterpart, 3.2 times higher for the medical and 36 times higher for housing expenditure.

並列關鍵字

migration ； Indonesia ； remittances ； IFLS ； expenditure share ； heckman

參考文獻

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