從英美經驗看金融監理發展方向---兼論金融監理與法令遵循關係

金融業是現代社會最重要的基礎產業。失去現代金融體系的支持，現代社會包括國際貿易、投資、商業體系......等功能都會崩潰。金融業透過金融主管主管機關所核發的各項金融特許執照，向其客戶提供各種金融產品和服務，也因此金融業必須遵守比一般產業更高的審慎經營標準，使得信任成為金融機構與其客戶之間最重要的元素，審慎經營與誠信是金融機構成功的唯一途徑。在現代金融體系中，金融監理擔任著至關重要的角色。金融主管機關在維護金融穩定和保障金融消費者權益的同時，還必需要鼓勵金融產業的蓬勃發展，並須確保金融市場和金融業的發展符合經濟增長目標。此外，維持市場紀律和公平競爭也是金融監理的目標。為了實現這些目標，金融主管機關必需要使用各種金融監理工具，並對金融市場和金融業的發展進行密切監控。然而，在過去的一個世紀裡，仍然發生了多起嚴重的金融危機，對於金融市場、金融產業和經濟造成了損害。為了避免再次發生危機並確保金融穩定，金融監理者試圖找出這些危機的根源，並開發了各種監理工具，以促使金融市場和金融產業可以更加安全。做為世界的金融中心，美國和英國金融監理制度的演變也代表了世界金融監理的發展趨勢，通過研究英美的監管制度和做法，我們可以學習要如何才能改善我們的金融監理制度。除了日常法規諮詢職能外，做為金融產業的法令遵循主管還必需履行其他關鍵的職能。首先，法令遵循主管與法令遵循部門做為金融機構與其主管機關間的溝通橋樑，需要向所屬的金融機構及其管理層說明其所受監理的金融監理體系和主管機關對金融業的監理期待，這將有助於金融機構獲得金融主管機關的信任。其次，作為金融機構法令遵循風險管理制度的管理者，法令遵循主管必需要透過制定內部政策、內部溝通和教育訓練，協助金融機構建立遵法合規的法遵文化，這將使得金融機構得以更加誠信地向其客戶提供各類金融產品和服務。第三，做為金融法規的諮詢者，法令遵循主管必須持續學習強化其專業能力，使自身的專業能力能跟上快速變化的金融市場環境。

關鍵字

金融監理；金融穩定；總體審慎；永續金融；營運韌性；金融素養；監理科技；法令遵循

並列摘要

Financial industry is one of the most important elements in modern society. Without modern financial system, everything will be crashed, including international trade, investment, payment system…etc. Under the privilege granted by financial supervisors, financial institutions are subject to higher prudential standards while providing various financial products and services to their clients. Trust represents the most important element in the relationship between financial institutions and their clients. Thus, sound practice and integrity are the only way to success for a financial institution. In modern financial system, financial supervision also plays critical function in the financial system. While maintaining financial stability and financial customer protection, financial supervisors also need to encourage financial development and evolution to ensure the development of financial market and industry is in line of the growth of economy. In addition, market discipline and fair competition are also the goals of financial supervision. To achieve these goals, financial supervisors need to use various supervisory tools and conduct close monitoring of the development of financial markets and industry. However, during the past century, numerous of serious financial crises still happened and caused damage to the financial markets, financial industry and economy. To avoid this kind of damage and to ensure the financial stability, financial supervisors tried to find out the root cause of these crises and developed various supervisory tools to make the financial markets and industry safer. Being the world’s leading financial centers, the development of United States and United Kingdom financial supervision represent the trend of world’s financial supervision. Through the study of their supervisory system and practices, we can learn how to improve our financial supervisory system. In addition to daily regulatory advisory function, being a Compliance officer in financial industry also need to perform certain key functions. First, as the bridge between financial institutions and their supervisors, Compliance officers need to help the financial institution and its managements understand the financial supervisory system and the trend of regulatory expectations. This will help the financial institution to obtain the trust from their financial supervisors. Second, as the administrator of financial institution’s Compliance risk management system, Compliance officers need to help the institution to shape its Compliance culture through internal policies, internal communication and trainings. This will help financial institution to provide financial products and services to their clients with integrity. Third, as the advisor of financial regulations, Compliance officers need to renew his (her) knowledge consistently. This will enable Compliance officers can catch up with the growth of financial markets.

並列關鍵字

Financial Supervision ； Financial Stability ； Macroprudential ； Sustainable Finance ； Operational Resilience ； Financial Literacy ； RegTech ； Compliance