涉外離婚訴訟之國際管轄權－以家事事件法第53條之解釋適用為中心

隨著全球化的進展，跨國婚姻日益增加，涉外家事事件亦成為我國實務上屢見不鮮的紛爭態樣，其中更以「涉外離婚訴訟事件」為數量上之最大宗。而我國法院於面對涉外離婚訴訟時，首應判斷者即為其得否對系爭事件進行審理、裁判，亦即我國法院有無系爭涉外離婚訴訟事件之「國際管轄權」？對此，2012年施行之家事事件法於第53條即設下我國法院對於涉外婚姻訴訟事件之國際管轄權的明文規範，該條於第1項及第2項分別規定我國法院享有涉外離婚訴訟事件國際管轄權之積極要件及消極要件，於性質上則可將其分別理解為係「國際管轄原因」及「國際管轄裁量權」之規定。而家事事件法第53條雖已就涉外離婚訴訟事件之國際管轄權設下明文規範，然而其適用範圍、該條第1項各款國際管轄原因之解釋適用及該條第2項國際管轄裁量權之具體判斷標準，皆仍有解釋論上不甚明確或立法論上有待改良之處，需求吾人進一步探討、研究。在此基礎上，本文一方面運用傳統法律解釋方法，一方面透過比較法解釋方法（以布魯塞爾第二之一規則及英美法下「不便利法庭」原則作為相比較之外國法秩序），期能就我國法院對於「涉外離婚訴訟事件之國際管轄權」，於現行法下建構起一套妥善之解釋論，並進一步提供家事事件法第53條於立法論上之相關建議。

關鍵字

國際管轄權；涉外離婚訴訟事件；家事事件法第53條；布魯塞爾第二之一規則；不便利法庭原則

並列摘要

With the increasing number of transnational marriages, family disputes with foreign elements occur more frequently nowadays. Among them, the number of “foreign-related divorce matters” is the largest. When foreign-related divorce matters enter the court proceedings, courts first need to determine whether they have “international jurisdiction” over the cases. In this regard, Article 53 of the Taiwanese Family Act is the first statute regarding international jurisdiction in foreign-related divorce matters in Taiwan. Paragraph 1 and Paragraph 2 of this article respectively stipulate the positive and negative requirements of Taiwanese courts to have international jurisdiction over foreign-related divorce matters. At the same time, these two paragraphs can be respectively interpreted as rules concerning the international jurisdiction connecting factors and the discretionary power of the courts. Although Article 53 of the Family Act has laid down the first statute on the international jurisdiction of foreign-related divorce matters, its scope of application and how to explain and apply this article are still unclear and need to be improved. On this basis, this article attempts to make an appropriate explanation on how to construct international jurisdiction in foreign-related divorce matters under the current law and further propose legislative suggestions on Article 53 of the Family Act.