- 學位論文
臺北市廚餘回收再利用方案評估
The Evaluation of Food Waste Recycling Strategies In Taipei City
摘要
廚餘佔垃圾總垃圾量2至3成左右，廚餘以往之處理方式大部份被運往焚化廠或掩埋場處理，十分可惜，臺北市為能成為「資源循環」的一流城市，達成「2010年資源全回收，垃圾零掩埋」的願景目標，於92年12月26日開始推動家戶廚餘回收，現階段將廚餘區分為「生廚餘」、「熟廚餘」兩類進行回收，生廚餘委託民營業者採堆肥法處理，熟廚餘則變賣給養豬戶充作養豬飼料，未來更規劃廚餘採厭氧醱酵處理。本研究之目的首先探討93年度臺北市政府推動家戶廚餘回收之成效及民眾反應、臺北市各廚餘產源之產生量及流向，並進一步評估臺北市將廚餘採焚化、掩埋、養豬、堆肥及厭氧醱酵等五種處理方案之「環境面」及「經濟面」效益分析。 本研究除透過資料蒐集、文獻探討、產業界之電話訪談及訪查，歸納分析出93年度推動家戶廚餘回收後之成效、民眾接受度、臺北市各廚餘產源之產生量及流向、臺北市之廚餘採焚化、掩埋、養豬、堆肥及厭氧醱酵處理之成本、效益及益比本，另本研究並應用生命週期評估法分析出臺北市產生之廚餘採焚化、掩埋、養豬、堆肥及厭氧醱酵處理對環境之影響，以作為臺北市政府未來繼續推動廚餘回收再利用方式之參考。 研究結果顯示93年度臺北市廚餘回收量平均每日已有115公噸，民意調查顯示有八成以上市民贊成及願意配合臺北市政府推動家戶廚餘，惟據調查統計資料顯示93年度家戶產生之廚餘仍有一半以上進入焚化廠處理，如何有效提高回收率為臺北市政府未來需面對及檢討之問題。93年臺北市各廚餘產生量統計結果以家戶所產生之廚量量為最多，其次為市場，再其次為餐廳，學校廚餘產生量最少。另本研究就「經濟面」-成本及效益之分析結果：養豬 ＞堆肥 ＞厭氧醱酵＞焚化 ＞掩埋，如以比利時國家採厭氧醱酵處理廚餘有綠色電力計畫認證制度可提高售電收入來看，益本比將會比養豬還高；就「環境面」-環境衝擊之分析結果：養豬＜厭氧醱酵＜焚化＜堆肥＜掩埋，因此綜合上述「經濟面」及「環境面」分析結果可知廚餘養豬為經濟效益高，環境衝擊小之處理方式，但未來如果因防疫問題而禁止廚餘養豬，厭氧醱酵亦為臺北市政府另外一種值得採用之廚餘處理方式。
並列摘要
The food waste scrap takes approximately 20 to 30% of the total garbage amount; in the past, most of them would be delivered to an incineration plant or landfill facilities for disposal, which was quite a pity. In order to be the top city of “resource recycling” and achieve the missionary goal of “complete recycling and zero garbage landfilled by year 2010”, the Taipei City had on 26th December 2003 promoted recycling of food waste scraps from households. At present, the food waste scraps are divided into “uncooked food waste scraps” and “cooked food waste scraps” for recycling. The uncooked food waste scraps were assigned to private companies for processing by means of compost; the cooked food waste scraps were sold to pig owners for feed and anaerobic digestion was further planned for processing in the future. The objective of this research was to firstly discuss the result of Taipei City Government’s 2004 promotion on household food waste scrap recycling and the reaction from citizens, as well as source, amount and flow direction of food waste scraps in Taipei City. Further analysis was carried out on the benefit from “environmental aspects” and “economic aspects” for proposal of processing food waste scraps in Taipei City with an incineration, landfilling, pig feeding, composting and anaerobic digestion.
From the collecting information, discussion on documents, telephone interviews and visits to the industry, this research summarized and analyzed results after the 2004 promotion on household food waste scrap recycling, the citizen’s level of acceptance, source, amount and flow direction of food waste scraps in Taipei City, costs, benefits and cost-benefit ratio of processing food waste scraps in Taipei City with incineration, landfilling, pig feeding, composting and anaerobic digestion. In addition, this research applied the method of life cycle evaluation to analyze the environmental impact from processing food waste scraps in Taipei City with incineration, landfilling, pig feeding, composting and anaerobic digestion for Taipei City Government’s reference on continuous promotion of food waste scrap recycling and reuse.
The result of the research revealed that the amount of 2004 food waste scraps recycled in Taipei City was already on average of 115 tons per day. The survey showed that more than 80% of citizens agreed and were willing to cooperate with Taipei City Government’s promotion on household food waste scrap recycling. However, statistics also showed that more than 50% of food waste scraps from households were still processed with incineration in 2004; hence the Taipei City Government had to face and discuss the question of how to effectively improve the rate of recycling in the future. The 2004 statistical result for the amount of food waste scraps produced in Taipei City revealed that households produced the most amount of food waste scraps, which was followed by markets and then restaurants. Schools produced the least amount of food waste scraps. Furthermore, the analytic result in this research for costs and benefits in “economical aspects” showed that: pig feeding