軌道車輛之動態分析及其測試驗證

DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES AND ITS VERIFICATION THROUGH FIELD TEST DATA

范揚材(Yang-Tsai Fan)

指導教授 ： 吳文方

國立臺灣大學/工學院/機械工程學研究所/博士(2005年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2005.01009

摘要

至今已有許多學者提出不同的軌道車輛動態特性描述模式，然而這些模式有些過於簡化而無法顧及各系統間之關聯性，有些則僅係對軌道系統作動態分析而缺乏實驗驗證，此外，「鋼輪磨平」及「車輛行駛通過道岔」等因素對車輛動態分析之影響，迄今似仍未見任何相關之研究。就此，本論文乃針對軌道車輛高速行駛時的振動特性、穩定度與乘車品質舒適度進行相關的建模、分析與探討，並特別強調利用實車動態實驗所得的量測數據與建模分析的結果相互比較、驗證。論文中，主要提出一組具有28個自由度的軌道車輛振動系統，其間考慮包括車輪圓錐度、軌道不平整度和輪軌間接觸力等因素，以完整描述軌道車輛之動態特性，並可探討鋼輪磨平或車輛通過道岔等特殊分析案例。論文中，首先應用隨機振動等基本理論，以阮奇庫塔數值法，求解系統的動態響應；而後以所得的能量頻譜密度函數代入RMS-Based method所提及的公式，或Sperling Ride Index、Ride Comfort Level 等公式中，以求得所探討車輛之乘車品質舒適度。論文中也運用Haversine flat函數推導出當鋼輪磨平時，所發生的衝擊力及其對車輛動態特性的影響，並以Nadal 公式及Prud’homme 移軌力理論評估車輛出軌之可能性；另外也探討當車輛行經道岔時，所產生之瞬間衝擊力對車輛動態分析的影響。本論文並以實車測試所得的一些數據與部份建模分析的結果相互比較、驗證，研究結果顯示所提出的分析模式確可用以描述車輛之動態特性，而所探討某一型車輛的穩定度及乘車舒適度符合法規要求，此外，減少鋼輪磨平確可有效降低車輛出軌之風險，而減少輪徑及增加車速將會增加車輛之衝擊力。本文所提出之分析模式應可作為一般軌道車輛舒適度、穩定度、衝擊力或出軌評估之參考。

關鍵字

軌道車輛 ； 穩定度 ； 舒適度 ； 鋼輪磨平 ； 道岔 ； 出軌 ； 移軌力

並列摘要

Dynamic behavior of railway vehicles affects the maintenance and safety of the railway system. With a view to understanding the dynamic behavior of vehicles, a railway vehicle system dynamic model is developed and discussed in detail based on experimentally measured data. The model consists of a full-vehicle with 28-degree-of-freedom, and some quantities such as conicity, track irregularity and creep force are considered. The model is validated using two sets of field test results of a certain type of vehicle, one dealing with vehicle stability and the other dealing with ride quality. For the stability analysis, the critical speed of the studied vehicle is found to be around 145 km/h. It is also found that the simulation result is in good agreement with the test data. Both of them indicate the transverse acceleration of the bogie meets the required stability criteria set by authorities of the mass rapid transit vehicle systems. As for the ride quality, comparison is also made between the simulation results and test data. Both results show that the resonant frequency of the studied vehicle is around 0.7 Hz, and the one-third octave RMS acceleration curves of the vehicle in all studied cases meet the ride quality criteria set for the mass rapid transit vehicle systems. The impact load due to wheelflat is also studied based on the same dynamic model. The results show reducing the wheelflat to a certain level significantly reduces the risk of derailment. Influences of system parameters on the impact loads due to wheelflat are investigated as well. The results show that wheelflat depth, loading condition and vehicle speed are important factors affecting the wheel/rail impact loads. Finally, the dynamics of a railway vehicle when passing a turnout crossing is studied. The result indicates that decrease of wheel size and/or increase of vehicle speed all lead to increase of the wheel/rail impact force. For example, the increase of vehicle speed from 30 km/h to 80 km/h results in as much as 800 kN increase of the impact force. However, the influence of gap width on impact force only appears when the vehicle runs in high speed.

並列關鍵字

Railway Vehicle ； Stability ； Ride Quality ； Wheelflat ； Turnout Crossing ； Derailment ； Track Shift Force

參考文獻

1. V. K. Garg and R. V. Dukkipati, Dynamics of Railway Vehicle System, Academic press, 1984.

2. K. L. Johnson, Contact Mechanics, Cambridge University Press, 1985.

3. A. H. Wickens, “The Dynamics of Railway Vehicles - from Stephenson to Carter,” Proc. Inst. Mech. Engrs., Vol. 212, Part F, pp. 209-217, 1998.

4. J. J. Kalker, “Wheel-Rail Rolling Contact Theory,” Wear, Vol. 144, pp. 243-261, 1991.

5. J. A. Elkins, “Prediction of Wheel / Rail Interaction: the State–of–the–Art,” The Dynamics of Vehicles on Roads and on Tracks, Vol. 20, pp. 1-27, 1991.