替代燃料對汽油車與混合動力車之性能探討

為因應全球能源日益枯竭與溫室氣體效應之問題，本研究係利用Fortran 95和引擎性能分析軟體建立之零次元模型的熱釋放分析模式，針對豐田汽車Camry 2.0引擎性能，改變其燃燒相關參數(例如:燃燒開始角、燃燒持續角、當量比…等等)與替代燃料(甲醇、汽油、甲烷)，探討最大指示熱效率及指示平均有效壓力時的操作參數。引擎性能模擬分析中則採用韋伯函數經驗式(Wiebe function)來描述燃燒過程，即已燃質量分率隨曲柄角變化的曲線。經由初始輸入數據為燃燒持續角為400，韋伯效率因子為5及形狀因子為3，進氣溫度300K，進氣壓力100kPa，汽缸壁溫400K，當量比為0.8，引擎轉數5600rpm，則模擬分析結果顯示，在當量比0.8時，以甲醇與汽油作燃料時，韋伯效率因子為5及形狀因子為1，燃燒開始角為150 btdc，燃燒持續角為350，而以甲烷作燃料時，韋伯效率因子為6及形狀因子為1，燃燒開始角為150 btdc，燃燒持續角為350，Camry 2.0具有最大指示熱效率及指示平均有效壓力。此外，本文亦比較混合動力車Prius 1.5與汽油車Camry 2.0的油耗、動力及排氣污染。當兩車在不同操作條件下，(1)兩車以30%於市區行駛及70%於高速路行駛與(2)以70%於市區行駛及30%於高速路行駛時，結果顯示，在油耗方面，Prius 1.5每行駛10,000km比Camry 2.0燃油消耗分別省下5445元及9372元。在排氣污染方面，當兩車以上述兩種模式行駛時，Camry 2.0排放的CO幾乎是Prius 1.5的2.53倍及4.09倍，排放的NMHC是Prius 1.5的3.18倍及5.11倍;而排放的NOx是Prius 1.5的5.05倍及12.70倍。在動力方面，由於Prius 1.5為雙動力源(汽油引擎及電力)驅動，動力不足的部份可由電瓶提供電力給馬達，提供額外動力;多餘動力的部份，馬達可將動能轉成電能加以回收，儲存在電瓶中，整體性能可媲美一般2.0升汽油車Camry 2.0。

關鍵字

汽油引擎；替代燃料；混合動力車

並列摘要

In attempt to cope with the global problem of energy crisis and greenhouse gas effect, this study utilizes Fortran 95 and Engine Performance Analysis Software to set up Zero-Dimension Heat Release Model. For engine performance of Toyota Camry 2.0, we change the combustion parameters(Ex: Ignition Angle、Duration of Combustion、Equivalence Ratio, etc) and alternative fuels(methanol、gasoline、methane) to develop the optimum operating condition for maximum engine thermal efficiency and the indicated mean effective pressure. By input data--burn duration is 400, Weibe efficiency factor is 5, Weibe form factor is 3, intake temperature is 300K, intake pressure is 300kPa, cylinder temperature is 400K, phi is 0.8, engine speed is 5600rpm, therefore the simulation analysis results show that Camry 2.0 has the maximum engine thermal efficiency and the indicated mean effective pressure for phi is 0.8 when ignition angle is 150 btdc, burn duration is 350, Weibe efficiency factor is 5, Weibe form factor is 1 for using methanol、gasoline and ignition angle is 150 btdc, burn duration is 350, Weibe efficiency factor is 6, Weibe form factor is 1 for using methane. In addition, the study also compares the fuel economy、power output and pollutant emission for Hybrid Prius 1.5 and Gasoline Vehicle Camry 2.0. When two cars drive under different operation conditions, for fuel economy, (1)Prius 1.5 saves 5445 dollars per 10,000km than Camry 2.0 when two cars drive 30% in city and 70% on highway. (2)Prius 1.5 saves 9372 dollars per 10,000 km than Camry 2.0 when two cars drive 70% in city and 30% on highway. For emission pollution, the CO emissions of Camry 2.0 is almost 2.53 times and 4.09 times as Prius 1.5, the NMHC emissions of Camry 2.0 is 3.18 times and 5.11 times higher than Prius 1.5, and the NOx emissions of Camry 2.0 is 5.05 times and 12.70 times as Prius 1.5 when two cars drive 30% in city and 70% on highway or drive 70% in city and 30% on highway. For power output, Due to Prius 1.5 drives by dual power source(gasoline engine and electricity), battery can offer electricity to motor when power is insufficient; in addition, motor can transform surplus kinetic energy into electricity energy to store in the battery. Prius 1.5 can compare favorably with general Gasoline Vehicle Camry 2.0 in the whole performace.

並列關鍵字

gasoline engine ； alternative fuel ； hybrid vehicle

參考文獻

[22] 趙志剛，“綠色運具與內燃機引擎除碳之研究”，國立台灣大學機械工程研究所碩士論文，2005年7月。

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[10] Kramer, M., Bintz, L.J. and Tappenden, T.A., “Light Duty Fleet Experience with LP-Gas”, LP-Gas Engine Fuels, ASTM STP 525, pp.92-111, 1973.

[12] Baxter, M.C. and Milton C., “LP-Gas-A Superior Motor Fuel”, SAE Paper 670054, 1967.

[13] Neitz, A., “Man Methanol Engines for Use in Buses”, Man

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替代燃料對汽油車與混合動力車之性能探討

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