影響臺灣養鰻產業的獲利因素很多,但深受鰻苗成本所左右,本研究目的在探討掌控鰻苗產量以減少價格波動的經營模式。本研究從企業經營策略理論,應用成本分析、波特五力特性和SWOT分析,確認台灣鰻魚養殖業的現況與可能存在之核心競爭力。 台灣因地理位置,鰻苗之捕撈期約在秋末冬初,早於鄰近其他國,卻因當時天候溫度較低不適合露天飼養,故多以外銷為主。若鰻苗出現末期出現減產情況,國內飼養業者極可能遭遇鰻苗匱乏的窘境。根據近期研究發現太陽黑子變動週期與鰻苗產量有直接關係,由經營策略的觀點而言,出口鰻苗未必是最佳策略,運用飼養技術調整鰻苗供應量,不但可以降低台灣鰻魚養殖成本,穩定經營者風險;更可以穩定鰻魚產量和價格,也增加業者獲利機會。因此本研究建議養鰻業者可借由將飼料、溫度、規模、遠期避險方式應用至生產面,可降低經營者風險,使鰻魚產量和價格風險降低,讓台灣鰻魚養殖成本穩定,幫助養鰻業者獲利機會。 養鰻業者應可異業結合,配合新時代高科技進展,引進太陽能或風力發電業者建造新式溫室,來穩定並掌控鰻苗和成鰻生長週期,同時依據國摖食品安全管理系統概念,建立產銷履歷制度。除此之外,中小型規模業者可上下垂直水平串聯,如冷凍加工廠的合作,生產面可擴大規模結盟,行銷面可組合作組織以減少運銷價差,以創造價格優勢等。除了業者努力調整經營策略,政府應加強養殖業者研發、改善設備與產能、行銷推廣、土地貸款、技術人員和國際行銷人才培養等方面輔導和補助。除此之外,華人地區偏好鱸鰻料理,政府可考慮協助業者產品多樣化,譬如養殖鱸鰻,以規避日本鰻單一產品風險。
This study aims to investigate the development strategies of Taiwanese’s eel industry based on advantage competiveness of production costs and situation analysis. Many factors influencing the profitability of eel industry but is swayed by the costs of eel fry. Therefore, eel producers should reduce the price risk of eel fry by forecasting the relationship between quantity of eel fry and sunspot, and by controlling both feed and temperature to manage eel production. According the findings of this study, it is recommended for eel producers to alliance with different industries, for instance, to cooperate with reusable energy such as solar or wind power to build new greenhouse, which is very efficient in stabilizing and controlling the growth of eel fry and temper volatility of eel growth cycle. In addition, the government is expected to support the eel industry through introducing new equipment and technology, providing land loans, and personnel training grants. Finally, Taiwan's eel industry may consider a variety of products, such as marmorata eel farming to increase diversification in order to reduce the price risk of Japanese eel, which is mainly dominated in Japan market.