電動車熱泵空調系統設計與節能控制策略之研究

電動車空調系統的耗能問題，造成電動車續航力大幅下降，嚴重影響電動車的推廣與發展。本文主要探討電動車熱泵空調系統的適當匹配設計方法與節能運轉之控制策略。本研究的電動車空調系統是由電動壓縮機、電子膨脹閥與3台熱交換器所組成，可滿足系統製冷、加熱及除濕需求。本文從電動車空調負載需求的計算著手，分析影響負載的參數，建立電動車空調製冷負荷和加熱負荷的計算方法與模型。從案例分析結果可得到，台灣夏季時電動車行駛於道路上的逐時空調製冷負荷。接著建立系統主要元件之數學模型，並說明電動壓縮機、熱交換器等各主要元件的選型與尺寸設計方法。依照負載需求進行計算，並搭配車輛設置空間考量，將系統整體匹配以得到各元件最適當型號與尺寸，建立出電動車空調系統的匹配設計流程。最後以理論分析模式進行製冷和加熱/除濕循環的性能分析，探討的參數包含壓縮機轉速、空調送風量、外氣溫度、外部熱交換器的進風量、冬季時的外氣相對濕度等。以滿足負載需求下耗能最低，抑或壓縮機轉速固定時性能係數值最高，作為性能分析指標。製冷性能分析結果顯示，壓縮機轉速應隨著空調負載的減少而降低；在滿足相同負載時，空調送風量加大可使壓縮機耗能減少，並且可讓空調送風溫度不至於過低。加熱/除濕性能分析結果顯示，壓縮機耗功隨著外氣溫度升高、相對濕度降低而減少；並且在相同外氣溫度下，相對濕度80%相較於濕度60%時的壓縮機耗功增加量小於10%。

關鍵字

電動車空調系統；熱泵；匹配；電動壓縮機

並列摘要

The electricity consumption problem of air conditioning system considerably reduces mileage of electric vehicles, having an effect on the popularization and development of electric vehicles. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the proper matching design method and efficient operation strategies of heat pump air conditioning system for an electric vehiele. The system which consists of an electric compressor, an electronic expansion valve, and three heat exchangers, suffice for the requirement of cooling, heating, and dehumidifying of the cabin. This thesis began with the calculation of cooling and heating load of the cabin. By analyzing the influence of parameters on air conditioning load, the calculation method and mathematical model for the cooling and heating load of the cabin was developed. The results of a case study show the cooling load of the electric vehicle cabin on a Taiwan summer day. Furthermore, the mathematical models for the components of air conditioning system were developed, and the method for sizing and selection of primary components, such as electric compressor, heat exchanger and so on, was described. According to the requirements of the air conditioning load and the space for installing on vehicle, the proper type and size of each component were work out and the matching design path of air conditioning system for electric vehicle was established. Finally, the cooling and heating/ dehumidifying performance of electric vehicle heat pump air conditioning system were evaluated and analyzed. The primary parameters include the rotational speed of compressor, the volume of supply air, outdoor temperature, the volume of air entering the exterior heat exchanger, and the outdoor relative humidity in winter. The lowest energy consumption while sufficing for the requirement of air conditioning load, or the highest COP under fixed compressor rotational speed is set as the target. The results of cooling performance analysis indicated that the rotational speed of compressor should lower with the decrease of air conditioning load. Besides, the increase of volume of supply air will reduce the energy consumption of compressor and make the temperature of supply air not to be too low. The results of heating/dehumidifying performance analysis indicated that the energy consumption of compressor decrease while the outdoor temperature raise and humidity drop. Furthermore, the increase of energy consumption of compressor in 80% relative humidity than in 60% relative humidity is below 10%.

並列關鍵字

Electric vehicle air conditioning system ； Heat pump ； Matching ； Electric compressor

參考文獻

[1] 行政院全球資訊網，http://www.ey.gov.tw/。

Google Scholar

[2] M. Makino, N. Ogawa, Y. Abe, and Y. Fujiwara, "Automotive Air-conditioning Electrically Driven Compressor," SAE Technical Paper Series, 2003.

Google Scholar

[3] D. Jung and D. N. Assanis, "Numerical Modeling of Cross Flow Compact Heat Exchanger with Louvered Fins using Thermal Resistance Concept," SAE Technical Paper Series, 2006.

Google Scholar

[4] R. Lazzarin and M. Noro, "Experimental comparison of electronic and thermostatic expansion valves performances in an air conditioning plant," International Journal of Refrigeration, vol. 31, pp. 113-118, 2008.

Google Scholar

[5] 張烔堡、黃志達、高浚富、李俊承，“台灣地區車輛最大空調負載與冷凍能力研究”，車輛工程學刊，pp.19-36，2007。

Google Scholar

國際替代計量

電動車熱泵空調系統設計與節能控制策略之研究

全文下載

主題瀏覽