德國法制關於行政處分之定義,設有「規制」之要件。學說上有認規制係「設定法律效果為目的之表示」外,亦有從規制之功能面切入,主張規制乃「對個案法律狀態所為之拘束性具體化」,即在抽象法規範與具體個案間,行政機關經由規制,具體化抽象法規範,將此等規定拘束性地適用於具體個案,賦予其法律上評價。確認處分雖未發生、變更或消滅行政法律關係,惟其針對具體個案之行政法律關係、行政法上權利義務或法律上重要事實判斷存在與否,將個案事實涵攝至抽象法規範,產生法律上拘束性,仍具有規制之性質。 從行政法律關係之角度而言,下命、形成及確認處分,因「行政法規範類型」之不同,而有各自之規制內容。確認處分所規制之行政法律關係,原則上係已存在之法律狀態,包含依據法律「直接」成立之行政法律關係,透過確認處分將此不明確之行政法律關係具體化。 關於確認處分之行政訴訟類型,基於原處分所生之拘束性,以及確認處分所規制之對象主要為行政法律關係,當事人應針對原處分提起撤銷訴訟,並同時請求法院確認系爭行政法律關係存在或不存在,在訴訟經濟及判決效力面向,最能滿足當事人之需求。 回歸我國法上公用地役關係,公用地役關係於個案事實符合習慣法之要件時即成立,行政機關認定公用地役關係存在與否之法律性質,應為確認處分。當事人如對行政機關之認定不服,其訴訟類型應為撤銷訴訟與法律關係確認訴訟。
Regarding the conception of “regulation” in Germany, scholars consider it functions not only “to cause legal consequence,” but also “to specify abstract legal requirement into individual cases.” From the perspective of administrative law scholars, it is the different administrative norms covered different subject matters make commanding, constitutive and declaratory administrative dispositions distinguishable. A declaratory administrative disposition hence should be defined as to regulate an existing administrative legal relationship. In Taiwan, the legal status of “existing roads used for public access” will be established as long as the criteria in customary law have been satisfied. Since the competent authority can only confirm the existing legal relationship, the disposition should be considered as a declaratory administrative disposition.