高齡者保護措施與自我決定權：以老人福利法為中心

高齡者在年齡增長的同時，通常也會伴隨著一連串身體與心理機能不可逆地衰退，如何妥善地「保護」高齡者，固然是應當重視的問題，惟高齡者身體與心理機能的衰退是一個漸進式的過程，若只專注於對於「保護」的討論，可能產生的後果便是高齡者作為「權利主體」的能動性被過度忽略。高齡者作為權利主體，雖然意思能力可能因身心狀態影響而有所減損，但並非全然喪失，因此如何在「國家之保護義務」以及「尊重高齡者之自我決定權」間取得平衡，亦為亟需思考的方向。從而，本文透過美國與香港高齡者保護相關文獻及制度現況分析，並觀察我國老人福利法保護措施專章之修訂過程，輔以地方主管機關業務承辦人之訪談結果，將我國保護措施制度完整呈現，最後並提出個人建議，包括：（一）強化通報系統功能；（二）結合民間團體積極推動獨立倡導人；（三）細緻化保護安置之相關規定。期能作為後續高齡者保護相關立法與實務運作之參考。

關鍵字

高齡者；高齡者保護；自我決定權；老人福利法；國家保護義務

並列摘要

The aging of the elder is often accompanied by a series of irreversible declines in their physical and mental functions. How to properly "protect" the elder is certainly an issue that should be paid attention to. But the decline in the physical and mental functions of the elder is a gradual progress. If we only focus on the discussion of "protection", the possible consequence is that the autonomy of the elder would be over-ignored. As a subject of rights, the elder, although the mental capacity may be impaired by one’s physical and mental state, it is not completely lost. Therefore, how to strike a balance between the "the protection obligations of the state" and "the respect for the self-determination rights of the elder" is what needs to be considered. This study begins with the Adult Protective Services in the United States and the Services for Prevention and Handling of Elder Abuse in Hong Kong. Next, to give a brief overview of the elder protection in Taiwan, the study reviews the revisions of the Protections Chapter of Taiwan’s Senior Citizens Welfare Act, and interviews the workers in competent authority. The findings may serve as a guide for further research on the revision and practical experiences of elder protection. These are the following proposals: (1) strengthen the function of the reporting system; (2) actively promote independent advocates in conjunction with NGOs; (3) refine relevant regulations for elder protection.

並列關鍵字

the elder ； adult protection ； self-determination ； senior citizens welfare act ； protection obligations of the state

參考文獻

壹、中文文獻（依筆畫排列）

Google Scholar

e-zone（07/27/2018 22:48），〈【離譜】子女探父母每次索取$1000酬勞虐老侵吞財產個案創10年新高〉，https://ezone.ulifestyle.com.hk/article/2124920/【離譜】子女探父母每次索取%20$1000%20%20酬勞%20虐老侵吞財產個案創%2010%20年新高。