高齡者居住安排、社會支持、社會參與之關聯性

The relationship between living arrangements, social support and social participation of the elderly.

劉昀姿(Yun-Tzu Liu)

指導教授 ： 羅英瑛

義守大學/醫學院/醫務管理學系/碩士(2019年)

摘要

研究背景與目的:高齡社會的來臨，高齡者的生活更受到重視，而社會參與是成功老化的重要因素之一。本研究的目的為了解高齡者社會參與的情況並探討不同的居住安排對於高齡者社會支持的影響以及探討社會支持對於高齡者社會參與之影響，進而探討社會支持在居住安排與社會參與的中介效果。
研究方法:本研究為橫斷性研究，以結構性問卷進行資料收集，研究對象為台灣南部55歲以上之高齡者，研究樣本數為264份，回收率為68.75%，以單因子變異數分析、獨立樣本t檢定、Pearson相關分析以及階層迴歸分析來探討居住安排、社會支持、社會參與之關聯性。
研究結果:1.高齡者在非正式社會參與的部分平均得分為9.53分，正式社會參與平均得分為9.22分，而在整體的社會參與中平均得分為18.75分。2.居住安排與整體以及各類社會支持未達顯著相關。3.整體社會支持、實質性支持、情感性支持以及社會整合與整體社會參與以及各類社會參與有顯著正相關。訊息性支持則與整體社會參與、非正式社會參與有顯著正相關。4.社會支持在居住安排以及社會參與中沒有中介效果。
結論: 居住安排與社會支持、社會參與未達顯著相關，居住安排對社會支持和社會參與不會有影響，但社會支持會影響社會參與，社會支持越高高齡者社會參與的情況也會越好。雖然居住安排對社會支持沒有影響，但社會支持的來源會不同，亦即不同居住安排的人會尋求自己社會支持的來源來補足社會參與的支持。因此建議相關單位能夠結合當地的資源提供高齡者更多的社會支持來源並能夠提升高齡者的社會參與。

關鍵字

高齡者居住安排 ； 社會支持 ； 社會參與

並列摘要

Background and purpose: With the aging of society, the life of the elderly is drawing more attention. Social participation is one of the crucial factors for successful aging. This study aimed to assess the level of social participation among the elderly and to investigate the impact of various living arrangements on their social support and that of social support on their social participation. The intermediary effected of social support on living arrangement and social participation is also studied.
Methods: The present report was a cross-sectional study. The data were collected using a structured questionnaire. The study population was represented by people aged over 55 years old who lived in southern Taiwan. The total sample size was 264, and the recovery rate is 68.75%. One-way analysis of variance, independent-sample t-test, Pearson’s correlation, and hierarchical regression analysis were conducted to investigate the correlation between living arrangement, social support, and social participation.
Results:1) The average scores of the elderly were as follows: informal social participation, 9.53; formal social participation, 9.22; and overall social participation, 18.75. 2) The participants’ living arrangement was not significantly related to the overall social support and specific types of social support. 3) Overall social support, substantive support, emotional support, and social integration were significantly positive relationships for overall social participation and specific types of social participation. Informational support was sgnificantly positive relationships for overall social participation and informal social participation. 4. Social support had no intermediary effect on living arrangement and social participation.
Conclusion: The participants’ living arrangement is not significantly related to social support and social participation; however, social support affects social participation: the higher the social support, the better the social participation of senior citizens. Although living arrangement has no impact on social support, it has an effect on the sources of social support; that is, people with different living arrangements seek corresponding sources of social support to complement their social participation. Therefore, we hope that governmental agencies can harness local resources to provide the elderly with more sources of social support and improve their social participation.

並列關鍵字

living arrangements ； social support ； social participation

參考文獻

黃寶園(2010)。社會支持在壓力反應歷程中的中介效果。 [The Mediatory Effect of Social Support in the Stress-Response Process]. 中華心理衛生學刊，23(3)，401-436. doi:10.30074/cjmh.201009.0003

一、中文部分

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白靜芳(2002)。農家老人社會支持對其生活滿意度之影響研究(碩士論文)，國立台灣大學農業推廣學研究所。台北。