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  • 學位論文

養護中心內的照顧服務員工作特性、工作滿意度與離職傾向之相關性探討

Exploring the Relationship among Job Characteristics, Job Satisfaction and Turnover Intention of Nurse Aides in Long-Term Care

指導教授 : 蘇喜
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摘要


研究背景:疾病型態的轉變、醫療科技的發達讓人類壽命得已延長,使得人口老化,失能人口增加。我國在1993年老年人口數佔總人口比率為7.10%,正式步入高齡化社會,至2012年,老年人口比率已達10.89%,我國的人口老化程度逐年加速,未來將由10.7%,增加為41.6%(2060年)。身心障礙人口及失能人口增加亦是台灣需重視的問題,我國身心障礙者人數成長了8%(2007-2011年),經建會推估在100年至125年之失能人數將以每五年約20%之成長率增加,至115年失能人口將增加為2倍,此外,65歲以上失能人口將隨人口老化快速增加。而所能提供照護的長照機構,在2011年底共計有1,064所,可供進住人數為5萬7,329人,使用率為75.5%,呈增加趨勢。其中以養護型機構使用率77.5%最高,照顧服務員為機構式照護中主要的照護人力。但照護工作因工作複雜性高、心理負擔大及勞動條件不佳,造成本國的照護人力不願從事或是不易留任。 目的:本研究主要目的在於探討在養護機構任職之照顧服務員的工作特性、工作滿意度與離職傾向之間的關係,並期望研究結果有助於長期照護機構管理者和相關政府機構發展合適的留任策略時之參考。 研究方法:本研究採用結構式問卷,採用專家效度,CVI值為0.84,整份問卷的Cronbach's alpha為0.81,問卷主要針對養護機構家數最多之台北市及新北市的照顧服務進行調查,共有九家機構同意參與研究,以普查方式針對機構內全部的照顧服務員進行調查,共發出219份問卷,回收188份,有效回收率為85.8%。 結果:本研究回收樣本中以女性照顧服務員為主,有166位,大多數為已婚有102位,教育程度大多在高中職,以專職不需從事管理行政工作的照顧服務員為主,其薪資在兩萬五到三萬的人為多數,在188位有33位外籍照顧服務員,其一般比本地的照顧服務員年輕,教育程度也以大專以上為主。迴歸分析發現在控制人口學變項後,工作滿意度及工作特性與離職傾向有顯著負相關,其中工作特性中的工作環境與薪資福利、工作自主性與學習發展機會與離職傾向有顯著負相關,此模型可以解釋17%的變異量。而工作特性、工作滿意度與離職傾向三者有顯著相關,相關係數在-0.32-0.52之間。 結論:本研究於二月到五月針對九家同意研究之養護機構進行問卷調查,歷時兩個月的研究,主要的研究成果為一、工作特性、工作滿意度與離職傾向三者之間有高度相關。二、工作特性中與工作滿意度有高度正相關,尤其是工作環境和薪資福利以及工作自主性與學習發展機會。三、工作特性、工作滿意度與離職傾向有高度負相關,其中工作特性中的工作環境和薪資福利以及工作自主性與學習發展機會與離職傾向有顯著負相關。

並列摘要


Background: Changing patterns of disease, the development of medical technology, so human life has been extended, making the aging population and disability population increased. In Taiwan, our ratio of the elderly population has reached 10.89% at 2012. The disability population has been growth should be attention in Taiwan. The number of disabilities in Taiwan grew by 8% (2007-2011).In addition; the disability population was rapid increased with the aging of the population over the age of 65. The long term care institutions is total of 1,064 by the end of 2011, available residency at the number of 50 000 to 7,329, the utilization rate of 75.5 percent, an increasing trend. The nurse aides are the primary care workforce in long term care. Their work is more complexity、high psychological burden and poor working conditions. Lead to their don’t want to stay in their work. Purpose: The main purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between job characteristics、job satisfaction and turnover intention of nurse aides, who work in long term care, and expect the results to contribute to long-term care facility managers and governmental organizations to develop a suitable strategy. Method: This study used a structured questionnaire, using expert validity, CVI was 0.84, and the entire questionnaire’s Cronbach's alpha was 0.81.The questionnaire for the long term care facilities where most of the care services in Taipei and the New Taipei City to investigate. Total of nine organizations agreed to participate in the study. Nurse aides in long term care facilities all were investigated. Total of 219 questionnaires, 188 were recovered, the effective rate was 85.8%. Results: The recovery samples have 166 Female nurse aides, Most of nurse aides has been married ,and their level of education is mostly in high school, Most of these are full-time and no need do administrative work, their salaries is between 25000-30000. Regression analysis showed that after controlling for demographic variables, job satisfaction and job characteristics have a significant negative relationship to turnover intention, which features the work environment、wages and benefits, job autonomy and learning development opportunities. The model can explain 17% of the variance. Conclusion: The major research results: first, job characteristics, job satisfaction and turnover intention among highly correlated. Second, job characteristics and job satisfaction are highly positively correlated, especially in the working environment and wages and benefits, and job autonomy and learning opportunities for development. Third, Job characteristics, job satisfaction and turnover intention has a high negative correlation, especially in the work environment、wages and benefits、job autonomy and learning development opportunities.

參考文獻


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被引用紀錄


陳國華(2016)。照顧服務員工作壓力與離職意願關聯之研究〔碩士論文,淡江大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6846/TKU.2016.00520

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