產業潛利、組織能力和能力落差對企業競爭優勢及其持續性之影響

The Effects of Industry Potential Rent, Organizational Capability and Capability Gap on Competitive Advantage and Sustainability

陳苑欽(Yuan-Chin Chen)

指導教授 ： 洪明洲

國立臺灣大學/管理學院/商學研究所/博士(2006年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2006.01287

摘要

策略管理領域在探討廠商之間的績效差異時，主要的觀點可分為著重產業競爭分析的產業組織觀點，和強調組織專屬資源、專長和能力的資源基礎觀點。以往相關研究的焦點集中在釐清何者為影響企業績效的主要效果，而本研究則著重於此二者之間的互補和互動關係，並嘗試建立一個整合性的概念架構來說明其對企業競爭優勢及持續性之影響。
本研究以1985~2004年之間Fortune 500資料庫內企業為樣本，檢驗其績效和組織能力的變動及影響機制。透過隨機生產疆界模型，由財務資料估計所得之產業潛利和能力落差，配合「美國最受尊崇企業」(AMAC)調查資料所衡量之組織能力，以一階自迴歸追蹤資料分析(panel data analysis with AR(1))來驗證產業潛利、組織能力和能力落差如何影響企業競爭優勢及持續性，並配合變異成份分析方法說明能力落差效果在產業和企業對績效影響關係之中的調節效果。
實證結果支持本研究所提之概念性架構及假說：在相同策略群組內的廠商，面對同樣的產業潛利限制，而在此一疆界內，能力落差愈大時，廠商績效受組織能力影響的程度愈大；同時，產業潛利服從報酬遞減法則。此一概念性架構所呈現之管理意涵為：企業應距焦於如何在每一個創新循環中建構及維持暫時性競爭優勢，而非追求鮮少發生的持續性競爭優勢。最後，本研究利用產業潛利和相對組織能力為構面，建立一個矩陣供企業判斷競爭場景及可行的策略方向。

關鍵字

產業吸引力 ； 組織能力 ； 競爭優勢 ； 產業組織理論 ； 資源基礎理論

並列摘要

There are two domain theories which applied on explaining the heterogeneity of firms in the strategic management field. The industrial organizational view focused on forces affect industry structure, while the resource-based view of the firm emphasized on the firm-specific resources and capabilities. Most of the related researches put efforts on clarifying which one domain the performance difference of the firm. Nevertheless, this dissert has concentrated on the complementary and interactive relation between both industry and firm effect, and accordingly developed an integrative conceptual framework about competitive advantage and its sustainability.
This dessert has collected financial data and the AMAC scores from the Fortune 500 ranks from 1985 to 2004. First, we defined that the industry potential rent as the maximized performance under specific strategic group and asset input, and the capability gap means the gap between a firm’s capability and the maximized potential rent. The AMAC scores stands for organizational capability, and the efficient frontier and technical inefficiency estimated in the stochastic production frontier function are measurement variables of industry potential rent and capability gap. A panel data analysis with AR(1) effect are applied to test the causal mechanism and sustainability on corporate performance. The variance components analysis was also used to illustrate the industry effect, corporate effect, and moderate effect of capability gap.
The integrative model was well supported by the empirical result. It means that all firms in the same strategic group shared the industry potential rent inherently, and which followed the law of decreased marginal return. Under the shared frontier, the organizational capability will affect corporate performance but moderated by capability gap. The implication of this dessert would be that firms should transfer their efforts from pursuing the rarely happened sustainable competitive advantage to surfing the waves of temporary competitive advantage.

並列關鍵字

industry effect ； firm-specific effect ； stochastic production frontier function ； competitive advantage ； sustainability

參考文獻

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