基於嵌入式控制器之合併單元原型機研製與IEC-61850研究

Study and Implementation of Merging Unit Prototype Using Embedded Controller and IEC-61850

李尚哲(Shang-Che Li)

指導教授 ： 劉志文

國立臺灣大學/電機資訊學院/電機工程學研究所/碩士(2015年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2015.10961

摘要

國際電工委員會(International Electrotechnical Commission)制定IEC-61850後，為變電站數位化提供了一套新標準，同時創造廣大的更換電力設備市場。無論是在歐洲、美洲許多國家皆已開始採用IEC-61850規範作為變電所的標準規範，而中國大陸則是參考IEC-61850後製作屬於自己的一套新規範。於傳統變電所內，使用類比式設備作為量測保護單元以及銅線作為資料傳輸媒介，但隨著設備老舊會遇到EMI的問題。除此之外，不同製造商所生產的設備安裝於同一變電所內可能遭遇相容性的問題，於擴充性、安裝成本、人員訓練、維修費用上皆是隱含成本。因此，IEC-61850定義了數位化電子設備(Intelligent Electronic Device)必須遵守的資料傳輸方式及格式，並且使用光纖作為傳輸媒介。IEC-61850將數位化變電所分成三層，分別是變電所層(Substation Level)、間隔層(Bay Level)、過程層(Process Level)。而合併單元(Merging Unit)安裝於過程層，負責接收變壓器(Voltage Transformer)、比流器(Current Transformer)量測到的訊號，經轉換成符合IEC-61850-9-2內所定義之Sampled Value protocol之格式後，送出至乙太網路後，供後端電子設備作量測保護之應用。本研究採用美商國家儀器生產之嵌入式控制器作為開發合併單元原型機之平台，根據不同需求搭配不同的功能化模組，減少挑選零件以及系統整合的時間。當中使用GPS做為時間同步源，並完成電壓採樣以及採樣值協定下的封包傳遞。電流採樣以及使用IEEE 1588作為雙時間同步源則放於未來工作。

關鍵字

合併單元 ； 嵌入式控制器 ； IEC-61850

並列摘要

After International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) defined IEC-61850, it becomes a new reference for digital substation and creates a substantial market for electronic instruments. Many countries in Europe or America adopts IEC-61850 as the new standard for their substation in the future. On the other hand, State Grid Corporation of China (SGCC) referred to IEC-61850 and published similar technical documents. In the conventional substations, analog instruments are used to implement function of protection or measurement with copper used as wires. However, EMI problems become more important as time goes by. Besides, there could be problems resulted from different manufacturer such as compatibility and interoperability between devices, and these are implicit cost for power corporation. Therefore, IEC-61850 defines basic rules that manufactures must follow and it adopts optical fiber as media to reduce the effect of EMI. Merging Unit is to convert the values sampled from potential transformer or current transformer to a special format to fulfill Sampled Value protocol, specified in IEC-61850-9-2. After converted, the data is sent to Ethernet process bus, and the Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) connected to the Ethernet apply this data to implement protection and measurement. In this research, embedded controller, CompactRIO-9067 developed by National Instruments, is adopted as the development platform of Merging Unit because of the advantage of modularization and a suite of Intelligent Development Environment (IDE) to help us save a lot of time on layout and system integration. The prototype of Merging Unit in this thesis uses GPS as the source of time synchronization, also it completes the sampling of voltage and the transmitting of data packets under Sampled Valued protocol. The future work is about sampling current and using IEEE 1588 as second source of time synchronization.

並列關鍵字

Embedded controller ； IEC 61850 ； Merging Unit

參考文獻

[3] R. E. Mackiewicz, “Overview of IEC 61850 and Benefits”, 2006 IEEE.

[15] “Introduction to Distributed Clock Synchronization and the IEEE 1588 Precision Time Protocol”, http://www.ni.com/tutorial/2822/en/

[1] Diego Pagnoncelli, LPM Smart Grid, “IEC 61850 One World, One Technology, One Standard”, ABB, May. 2014.

[2] ”IEC 61850-1 Communication networks and systems in substations – part 1: Introduction and overview”, IEC. Apr. 2004.

[4] “IEC 61850-2 Communication networks and systems in substations – part 2: Glossary”, IEC, pp. 16, Aug. 2003.