雪山隧道通風系統一維流場分析與通風策略

摘要本研究根據基本物體定律－質量、動量、能量守恆，建構雪山隧道通風系統一維模式，其中通風站及中繼站內的摩擦損耗係數則是由三維歸納得到的，因此，一維通風模式的基礎是建立在三維數值模式之上，具有相當的可靠度。通風模式建構完成後，設定各式車流狀況，計算隧道沿線速度、靜壓、濃度、溫度等分佈。夏季隧道入口溫度為，豎井入口溫度則依高度而定。設定三種常見車流型態為：低速、稀疏、順暢車流，依這三種常見車流型態搭配出各式交通狀況，並以濃度及溫度作為操作風機的參考指標，擬定出特定交通狀況下，其所因應之通風策略。研究結果顯示：假設用路人皆遵守交通規則之下、僅有小型車行駛於隧道內，皆可藉由操作風機將濃度及溫度降至安全值之下。車輛低速、順暢行駛時，分別會有空氣品質、溫升問題，若將低速車流的車流量增大為交通法規設定之兩倍；順暢車流之則增大為一點五倍，仍可藉由隧道內現有的通風設備順利降溫、濃度。大、小型車以不同比例行駛於隧道內，同樣假設用路人皆遵守交通規則，不論東行隧道車流型態為何，西行隧道（上坡）只要為順暢車流，且大型車佔所有車輛的比例超過百分之十，即使將風機操作至極限（換氣率接近），仍會有溫升問題，必須藉由交通管制來限制大型車進入隧道的數量。最後，若東、西行其中一條隧道出口發生意外事故，加上交通管制不當，導致單條隧道內嚴重塞車約七到八公里，另一條隧道為順暢車流且車流量增大為交通法規設定的一點五倍。不論僅小型車或是大小型車以不同比例行駛於隧道內，盡量將風機加大後，溫升問題仍無法順利解決，此種交通特例需由嚴格交通控管來避免。若能藉由實測數據修正一維通風模式，期望發展成可對雪山隧道通風系統進行定量分析與輔助隧道安全管理之一維通風模式。

關鍵字

雪山隧道；通風系統

並列摘要

Abstract Based on fundamental physical theorems such as mass, momentum, and energy conservation, we build a one-dimensional flow model of the entire ventilation system of Hsuehshan Tunnel where the loss coefficients of ventilation and interchange stations are obtained from three-dimensional numerical model. Thus, our one-dimensional flow model depends on three-dimensional numerical model and has high reliability. After constructing flow model of the entire ventilation system, we set numerous kinds of traffic to compute the distribution of velocity, pressure, CO concentration, and temperature along the tunnel. In summer, the entrance temperature of tunnel and three ventilation shafts is at thirty degrees Celsius and depend on their altitude, respectively. Defining three common types of traffic as low speed, rare, and normal traffic, we use these types of traffic to set various traffic conditions. Then CO concentration and temperature are used as the index of operating jet and axial fan to draw up the ventilation strategies under specific traffic. Under the hypotheses that drivers all comply with traffic regulations and only small vehicles can inter the tunnel, solutions show that the CO concentration and temperature could be lower down to a safe value by opening fans appropriately. Because of the problems of air quality and temperature rise produced at low speed and normal traffic, separately, we increase the number of vehicle to double of traffic limit in tunnel at low speed traffic and one point fifth of traffic limit in tunnel at normal traffic. The result reveals that the problems also could be solved simply by operating fans. Moreover, we assume that different proportions of small and large vehicles drive in the tunnel and drivers all comply with traffic regulations, No matter what the traffic type is in eastbound tunnel, once the traffic type is normal traffic in westbound tunnel and the number of large vehicles is over ten percent of total vehicles, the problem of temperature rise is still unable to solve even though fans are opened to the utmost. Therefore, we need to prevent these traffic conditions by controlling the number of large vehicles entering the tunnel. Finally, one of eastbound and westbound tunnel is in normal traffic with vehicles which go beyond the limits, while another tunnel encounters traffic accident near the exit and traffic control is inappropriate, which will lead to a serious traffic jam around seven to eight kilometers. In this traffic condition, whether only small vehicles or small and large vehicles drive in the tunnel, the temperature rise problem is still incapable of solving and should be prevent by traffic control. If the ventilation model can be justified with situ measured data in the future, it will be helpful on developing to a one-dimensional flow model of the entire ventilation system of Hsuehshan Tunnel which can make quantitative analyses and assist secure management of tunnel.

並列關鍵字

Hsuehshan Tunnel ； ventilation system

參考文獻

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參考文獻