台灣養豬業者採用循環經濟模式之影響因素分析

隨著經濟成長與都市化的演變，國人的環保意識抬頭，環保政策的日趨嚴格，政府無不多方尋求民眾與養豬業者平衡之道。為解決此一問題，推動循環經濟模式為政府重要的施政目標，例如沼液沼渣施灌還肥於回、沼氣再利用或發電等，在在都是解決臭味及水污染問題，並朝向水資源、有機肥料、沼氣能源化或發電創利的農業循環經濟，友善台灣土地並減緩地球暖化。然而儘管循環經濟的政策已經推動許多年，業者投入意願仍不高以致成效有限，因此研究影響台灣養豬業者採用循環經濟模式的因素是一個重要的課題。本研究利用訪談及問卷調查的方式來探討影響台灣養豬業者採用循環經濟模式之影響因素，研究結果發現受訪者對循環經濟污染防治之認知程度為最重要的影響因素，除此之外，農民固守豬糞尿不若工業污染源嚴重的心態，也對沼氣發電可以創造利潤仍有疑慮；再者「場內已無餘裕空間」、「重大傳染病疫情隱憂」是影響農民對投資沼氣再利用或發電最大的因素；「餘裕資金優先投資」順序為畜舍、家用及周轉、高獲利事業；顯示業者仍以養豬本業為重，普遍接受應落實厭氧發酵改善污染源及脫硫，並逐漸接受污染防治設施為可回收成本的必要設施，並重新認識沼氣再利用或發電、沼液沼渣施灌還肥於田的循環經濟觀念。

關鍵字

沼氣再利用；沼氣發電；沼液沼渣施灌；循環經濟；養豬產業

並列摘要

With the advancement in economic growth and urbanization, people’s awareness of environmental protection has risen and environmental protection policies have become increasingly stricter. The government has sought a balance between the people and the pig industry. In order to solve this problem, the promotion of a circular economy model is an important policy goal of the government, such as irrigating and reclaiming biogas slurry and residue, reusing biogas or generating electricity, etc. In all of them, we should solve the problems of odor and water pollution, and move towards the agricultural circular economy of water resources, organic fertilizer, biogas energy or power generation, which is beneficial to Taiwan’s land and slows down the global warming. However, even though the circular economy policy has been promoted for many years, the willingness of the industry to invest in circular economy practices remains low. Therefore, it is important to study the factors that influence Taiwanese pig farmers to adopt a circular economy model. In this study, interviews and surveys were used to explore the factors influencing the adoption of circular economy model by pig farmers in Taiwan. The results showed that the respondents’ awareness of the prevention and control of pollution was the most important influencing factor. In addition, farmers insist that pig manure and urine are not as serious as industrial pollution sources, and they still have doubts about the profitability of biogas power generation. Moreover, “there is no more space in the farm” and “the hidden danger of major infectious diseases” are the biggest factors affecting farmers’ investment in biogas reuse or power generation. The priority of surplus capital investment was livestock houses, household and revolving expenditures, and investment in high-profit business, suggesting that farmers primarily focus on their own pig business. In addition, farmers generally accepted anaerobic fermentation should be carried out to improve pullution sources and desulfurization. They also gradully agreed that it is possible to recover the cost of pollution prevention and control facilities and agreed to better understand the concepts of biogas reuse, biogas power generation, and biogas slurry and biogas residue irrigation.