摘要
摘要： 成書於清光緒年間的《澆愁集》是鄒弢早年從學累積的著作，小說史上 將之列於仿擬《聊齋誌異》之作。因現今相關研究及著述不多，故存在 較大研究空間。本論文嘗試將小說文本逐篇分析，以主題式的統整歸類研究解讀小說內容，以此審視小說家如何以敘事手法藉題言志與抒情，為此書展現不同以往的詮釋面貌。 本論文共分為五個部分： 第一部分：提出研究動機，回顧前人研究文獻，梳理《澆愁集》相關研究， 整理學者對此小說集的分析成果。並提出《澆愁集》可能的研究面向。即《澆愁集》與《聊齋誌異》、《紅樓夢》與近代報刊之關聯性。 第二部分：著眼鄒弢的生平經歷，將其生平劃分為三個階段，綜觀其一生多 變的經歷，從早年就學於江蘇無錫縣，歷經戰亂遷徙。又因個人興趣接觸《紅樓夢》與西方新學。《澆愁集》出版後，作者便往上海擔任報刊編輯，接觸海派文化甚深。晚年，回歸故里，從事文化教育事業。透過本部分說明可知《澆愁集》與作者早年所學緊密的相關性。 第三部分：首先，從《澆愁集》繼承《聊齋誌異》的勸善懲惡精神分析文 本內涵，該章節分析聚焦於鬼神主題、人與異類女性遇合情節。最後，論析小說場景出現的江蘇景觀如何被作者轉化書寫，成為文人對原生地方文化的記憶與想像，呈現文人如何藉小說表達儒家倫理教化觀，並以此融合民間宗教文化的書寫策略。 第四部分：裁剪小說出現的各種人間女性群像：閨閣才女、孝女、節婦、名妓、悍妻與賢婦。其中，從作者不注重女性身分地位高低，而重在擷取其深情、重義、忠貞、才德兼備的人格特質，表現儒家對理想女性形象與道德價值觀，藉由戀愛與婚姻情節，反映清代女性展現的至情與自主性。另一方面，小說從悍妻與賢婦的行為對比，表達中國文人擬構家庭與婚姻的理想心態，觀察《澆愁集》從此方向承續《聊齋誌異》及《紅樓夢》的精神主旨，並以之延伸轉化的女性面貌。從女子不屈服傳統文化壓力，顯示女性主動的行動力來歌頌女性地位。 第五部分：整理《澆愁集》符合時代話題的文本，分析小說書寫日常生活與親身經歷。研究小說如何建構知識體系與早期近代報刊新聞在書寫時的相似性。藉此說明《澆愁集》與近代報刊的關係。 由以上各分論整理分析，可知《澆愁集》雖被稱為仿擬之作，實則有作者自出機杼的新創性與時代價值意義。從歸納《澆愁集》模擬與新創之處展現鄒弢如何在《聊齋》風氣盛行的時代，利用志怪題材、才子佳人婚戀題材與《紅樓夢》知己戀情的模式，從虛構的情節細節寄託真實理想，映照出文人懷才不遇的失落感觸，營造自我表現的文學空間，呼應千古文人共同的悲鳴與憤世，發揮抒情與言志的一面，紀錄個人考察的社會現象與評論，進而建立個人生命情調與時代關懷。使《澆愁集》成為風格多元化的一本文言小說著作，於清代小說林中實有可研究之價值。
並列摘要
Summary The Ching Dynasty fiction Jiao Chou Ji, as Zou Tao’s accumulation of his early study, is the imitation of Liao Zhai Zhi Yi. Since there is little research about Jiao Chou Ji, this fiction leaves more possibilities for researchers. This paper, in order to know the author's intention and re-criticize this fiction, attempts to analyze the main idea of texts by Thematic Study. We are going to find out how the author described his wish and his concern of society with narrative skills to express deep feelings. Therefore, we can present different interpretations in the previous research. This paper includes of five parts: I. The First Part: The first part is a review of previous studies, organizing scholars’ analysis of Jiao Chou Ji, and proposes the research motivation of this paper--That is, the relevance between Jiao Chou Ji and others fictions such as Liao Zhai Zhi Yi, The Dream of Red Chamber, and modern Chinese newspaper. II. The Second Part: This part presents the author Zou Tao’s unsteady and painful lifetime. His life can be divided into three sections. At first, he studied in Jiang-su Wu-xi, and then he leaves during wartime. In his early age, he has read The Dream of Red Chamber and loves it deeply since then. Meanwhile, he has known about Western science. After Jiao Chou Ji being published, he went to Shang-hai and became an editor of newspaper and was deeply influenced by the cultural atmosphere of Shang-hai. In his later years, he returned to his hometown and dedicated himself to education and culture career. The review of Zou Tao’s lifetime allows us to see the close connection between the fiction Jiao Chou Ji and Zou Tao’s early lifetime as a learner. III. The Third Part: This chapter first analyzes the text connotation in order to carefully examine how Jiao Chou Ji inherits one of the theme of Liao Zhai Zhi Yi, that is, encouraging the virtuous and punishing the evil. The focuses of this chapter are on the themes of Ghosts and God, and the romance between men and unusual kinds of females. Finally, there is a discuss on the Jiang-su landscape rewritten by the author’s imagination in the text, which becomes his cultural memory towards his hometown Jiang-su. This chapter explores the author's writing strategies to convey Confucianism ethics and educational thought combined with folk religious culture. IV. The Fourth Part: This chapter analyses a variety of female characters in the text--talented women, good daughters, loyal widows, famous courtesans, shrews and virtuous women. The author doesn’t care about their social status while focusing on capturing their personality traits--soulful heart, attention to justice, loyalty, both talented and virtuous. We can see ideal female image of Confucianism moral value in these characteristics. In addition, it reflects the women’s genuine feelings and autonomy in the romance and marriage plots in Ching Dynasty. In addition, the contrast between the behavior of shrews and virtuous women in the fiction shows Chinese literati’s ideal image of family and marriage. Through struggling traditional cultural pressures, the status of women raised. As a consequence, it proves the spirit of the subject and transforming among Jiao Chou Ji, Liao Zhai Zhi Yi and The Dream of Red Chamber. V. The Fifth Part: This part summarizes anachronistic topic of Jiao Chou Ji, which is related to daily life and personal experience to establish knowledge structure. Furthermore, this chapter also explores the similarity and connection between Jiao Chou Ji and modern Chinese newspapers. In conclusion, although Jiao Chou Ji is known as the imitation of Liao Zhai Zhi Yi, actually there exist the author’s original ideas and reflects values during that period. While Liao Zhai Zhi Yi was popular, Zou Tao rewrote the Ghost and God theme, romantic and marriage themes, and confidant love model of The Dream of Red Chamber to create this fiction. His ambition and the feeling of loss are conveyed in the fictional plots. In the imaginary literary space, he not only echoes with ancient literati’s common sorrow, but also with the contemporary common anger of that period. In this way, Zou Tao expresses the lyrical aspect and “Yan Zhi” aspect. He establishes a personal lifestyle and the concern towards society by means of composing Jiao Chou Ji. Therefore, this fiction becomes a fiction featuring a variety of styles, which is worthwhile researching among fictions in Ching Dynasty.
參考文獻
方立天：《中國佛教與傳統文化》，臺北：桂冠圖書出版，1990年。
余英時：《中國近世宗教倫理與商人精神》，臺北：聯經出版社，2004年。
林保淳：《三姑六婆、妒婦、佳人——古典小說中的女性形象》，臺北：暖暖書屋，2013年。
陳來：《古代宗教與倫理：儒家思想的根源》，臺北：允晨文化，2005年。
陳葆文：《《聊齋誌異》痴狂士人類型析論》，臺北：里仁書局，2005年。