含開口鋼筋混凝土深短構件剪力行為之研究

私有住宅建築為顧及隱密性與使用性，在建築內部有大量隔戶牆、梯間牆、屋後開孔牆等剪力牆構件，這些構件的側向勁度與既有梁柱構架相比差異甚大，足以影響既有梁柱構架的基本特性。由台灣傳統街屋與校舍建築之田野調查統計顯示，傳統街屋其牆與樓地板面積比（牆量比），明顯高於校舍建築之牆量比，若將開口RC牆的貢獻忽略不計，實為不恰當的作法。因此，欲合理且有效地評估私有住宅之耐震能力，掌握開口RC牆之行為實為相當重要的一環。而開口RC牆之行為非常複雜，故本研究先針對開口RC深梁剪力強度之預測進行相關研究。其計算過程不須迭代，且可預測破壞模式及所對應的位置。本研究的建議方法係以壓拉桿的觀念為基礎，明確定義含開口鋼筋混凝土深梁之剪力傳遞路徑，再以勁度分配的概念，來估算開口上下方兩傳遞路徑之剪力比值。其可預測鋼筋混凝土因軟化而遭擠碎、鋼筋拉力降伏及混凝土開裂等破壞模式，及其所對應的破壞位置。由於本文建議模型具有明確之物理意義，且僅需簡易算術式之計算，故有利於工程師於實務上之應用。本研究對開口RC牆側力位移曲線的建立，係延續開口RC深梁的剪力傳遞概念，進而應用在開口RC牆側力位移曲線的評估上，並針對現有已發展的評估模型，提出更適用於含邊界構材之開口RC牆側力位移曲線的建議修正模型，修正模型力求簡單明確，期望能更適用於國內既有的低矮型RC建築。

關鍵字

鋼筋混凝土；開口深梁；剪力強度；開口牆；開孔牆；側力位移曲線；軟化壓拉桿模型；邊界構材

並列摘要

Reinforced concrete walls are commonly used in private residential buildings. Due to functional requirement, walls with openings are often required for these walls with the openings such as partition walls, walls near the stair, and backside exterior walls. The lateral stiffness of these walls with the openings is far greater than the pure frames. It cause to control the basic characteristics of the existing structures. According to the field investigation statistics of traditional street houses and school buildings in Taiwan, the ratio of wall to floor area of traditional street houses is significantly higher than that of school buildings. It is unsuitable, if the contribution of RC walls with the openings is neglected. Therefore, in order to reasonably and effectively evaluate the seismic resistance of private residential buildings, it is a very important part to master the behavior of the RC walls with openings. The behavior of the RC walls with the openings is very complicated. Therefore, this study firstly studies the prediction of the shear strength of reinforced concrete deep beam with web openings and to evaluate the associated failure mode and its corresponding position. The proposed method aims to define the shear transfer paths in reinforced concrete deep beams with web openings based on the strut-and-tie concept, and to distribute the shears among the transfer paths above and below the web openings based on the stiffness ratios. This method can predict several failure modes including reinforced concrete crushing, yielding of reinforcement and splitting of concrete. Moreover, the proposed model has significant physical configurations with simple calculations making it suitable for applications in engineering practice. The study establishes the lateral load deflection curve of reinforced concrete wall with openings, base on the shear force transfer mechanism of reinforced concrete deep beam with web openings, and then applies it to the seismic evaluation of reinforced concrete wall with openings with boundary element, and proposes more suitable for the existing developed evaluation model. The proposed model is intended to be simple and clear, and it is expected to be more suitable for the existing low-rise reinforced concrete buildings in Taiwan.

並列關鍵字

reinforced concrete ； deep beam with opening ； shear strength ； wall with opening ； lateral load deflection curve ； softened strut and tie model ； boundary element

參考文獻

[1] 邱聰智，「低矮型鋼筋混凝土住宅結構耐震快速評估法之開發與驗證」，博士論文，國立台灣大學，土木工程系，台北，2015，177頁。

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含開口鋼筋混凝土深短構件剪力行為之研究

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