以鴛鴦湖自然保留區為例討論綠色名錄在臺灣施行的適用性

經營管理效能評量 (Protected Areas Management Effectiveness Evaluation，簡稱MEE) 為判斷保護區有無被良好經營管理的依據，而IUCN綠色名錄 (IUCN Green List) 是一個全球性的保護區典範。本研究旨在以鴛鴦湖自然保留區為例，實際模擬申列操作一次綠色名錄，於操作過程中比較METT-4與綠色名錄在目的、操作方法、指標架構、操作流程、資料對應及結果的差異，進而討論綠色名錄引進臺灣的適用性。研究結果顯示，METT-4是以了解保護區的經營管理效能為依歸；綠色名錄旨在塑造國際保護區治理與經營管理的典範，除經營管理效能外，還包括「良好的治理」與「成功的保育成果」等要素。綠色名錄還強調治理、社區參與、生態系服務、性別平等、氣候變遷、保育成果等相關題項，指標涵蓋範圍較廣，且因綠色名錄要選拔的是國際保護區典範，要每項在各方面都要表現良好才算通過達成目標，因此綠色名錄指標涵蓋範圍較廣且細；為了達成每項目標，可能會花較多的資源，故其成本也較高。資料對應的結果顯示，以鴛鴦湖自然保留區現有的資料 (經營管理計畫與METT-4評量資料)，尚不足以滿足與綠色名錄指標的需求，特別缺乏「良好的治理」與「成功的保育成果」的資料。個案評量結果顯示，除了因治理相關指標為綠色名錄新增的治理相關指標，導致達成較低外，最大差異在於成果，因需綠色名錄規定要建立閾值來以判斷價值保育成果，所以成果達成低；而METT-4只問價值狀況並未要求閾值。研究結果顯示，缺乏較完整且較高品質的資料直接影響綠色名錄的評量結果，因此有較完整的經營管理計畫書，及選擇經營管理效能評量分數較佳高者，申請進入綠色名錄的選拔或較容易。以鴛鴦湖自然保留區個案來說，因其METT-4分數較高且資料較完整，雖有一些不足，但認為在5年期限內其或還可以達成綠色名錄要求。以臺灣林務局轄管的保護區較為熟悉METT的情況下，可選擇先操作一次METT-4，選擇分數較高者進入綠色名錄的申辦。另，臺灣亟需努力社區參與及氣候因應等，已被綠色名錄囊括的項目也顯示，國際保育社會已將臺灣較弱的社區參與及氣候變遷因應等，為國際保育社會視列為保護區典範的必要條件，這也提醒我們急需努力的主題。

關鍵字

綠色名錄；保護區經營管理效能評量； METT ；適用性；模擬操作；鴛鴦湖自然保留區

並列摘要

Management effectiveness evaluation (MEE) is the basis for judging whether a protected area is well managed, and the IUCN Green List is a global model of protected areas. The purpose of this study is to simulate the application process of the Green List by the case of the Yuanyang Lake Natural Reserve, to compare the differences between METT-4 and the Green List in terms of purpose, operating method, indicator structure, operation process, data and results, and then discuss the applicability the Green List in Taiwan. The research results show that METT-4 aims to understand the management effectiveness of a protected area; the Green List aims to create a model for international protected area governance and management. In addition to management effectiveness, it also includes "Good Governance" and " Successful Conservation Outcomes” elements. The Green List emphasizes topics related to governance, community participation, ecosystem services, gender equality, climate change, and conservation outcomes. Been recognized by the international model of the Green List, it must be performed well in all topics for a protected area. Therefore, while the IUCN Green List Standard covers a wider and more detailed range, more inputs may be made, so is the cost. The results of data comparison show that the existing data (management plan and evaluation information by METT-4) are not sufficient to meet the requirements of the IUCN Green List Standard, especially those of "Good governance" and "Successful Conservation Outcomes". The case evaluation results show that because of the governance-related indicators are newly mentioned by the Green List, which leads to low achievement. And the biggest difference between the two evaluation results is the outcomes. As METT-4 only asks for the value status, Green List requires thresholds established to judge the outcomes of conservation value. It cannot gain a good score for information lacking. The research results show that the lack of comprehensive and high-quality data directly affects the application results of the Green List. Therefore, it might be easier to choose those with comprehensive management plan and higher score on management effectiveness evaluation to apply for the Green List. For this case, due to its high METT-4 score and relatively comprehensively data, although there still are some deficiencies, it is believed that it can achieve the criteria of the Green List within the 5-year period. Besides, the Green List project also shows that the international conservation community has put attention to community participation and climate change which are the weakness and gaps of Taiwanese protected areas to the model of protected areas. This reminds us that we should urgently make efforts to reach these topics.