新建住宅社區雨水及污水回收再利用之研究

A study of Rainfall and Sewage Reclamation and Reuse for the Newly-Bulit Residential Community

許文碩(Wen-Shuo Hsu)

指導教授 ： 游以德

國立臺灣大學/工學院/環境工程學研究所/碩士(2005年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2005.10175

摘要

水是維持生命所必需的物質，更是活命的泉源。住宅生活的用水可分為上水、中水及下水，「上水」即為自來水；「下水」泛指日常生活所產生的污水，可再區分為糞尿污水和生活雜排水，後者是指廚房、浴室洗滌及其他生活所產生之較低污染生活污水；「中水」是指水質介於上水和下水之間，生活污水經過適當處理後，可以被有效利用的水。
利用集中式系統處理生活污水具有本身特定之優勢，但並非是通用的方法。分散式污水處理與再利用（Decentralized Sanitation and Reuse, DESAR）在國外是較為新穎的水資源管理策略。本研究以水資源永續利用與流程創新為出發點，採用分散式處理系統的概念，針對台北市住六之六重劃區，提出雨水貯留供水（方案一）及人工溼地加上雨水貯留供水設施（方案二）兩項解決替代方案，並針對經濟效益、技術操作及附加價值等層面進行討論。此外，希冀藉由論文的呈現，以事前規劃取代事後改善的方式，能夠提供未來開發新建住宅社區之參考依據，進而打造社區水資源的永續經營。
方案一中針對案例地點高降雨高強度的趨勢，設計雨水貯留供水設施，將雨水利用於家庭住戶之廁所、清掃及植栽用水，每年每戶約可省下352噸的雨水，雨水回收成本為8.7元/噸，以自來水水費9元/噸計算，益本比為1.03；在方案二中係將一般生活污水做分類分管回收，以具備低污染、省能源及環境教育特點之社區型人工溼地處理生活雜排水，回用於家戶廁所、清掃及植栽用水，並貯留雨水做為溼地稀釋用水或補充水源。研究成果顯示在成本面較建築物污水處理設施造價便宜，所需技術層面不高易於維護管理，並具有開源（雨水貯留）及節流（雜排水處理回收再利用）的正面意義。

關鍵字

生活污水 ； 人工溼地 ； 雨水貯留 ； 分散式污水處理與再利用

並列摘要

Water is the essential material to sustain life, especially the source of living. The household water can be divided into water three categories: purification system, grey water system and sewage system, “water purification system” is the tap water ; “sewage system” refers to the sewage produced by daily life in general, which can be divided into the two sections: (1) excrement and urine sewage, (2) lower pollution sanitary sewage, the latter refers to waster water from , bathroom and other life produced ; while “grey water system” signifies that the water quality lies between tap water and sewage, which can be utilized effectively after the sanitary sewage is properly processed.
By utilizing centralized system to process sanitary sewage has specific advantage, not a common use method nonetheless. Decentralized sanitation and reuse (DESAR) is the newly developed tactics of water resource management abroad. This research adopts the concept of dispersing process system to initiated continuous utilization and innovation procedure for water resource. Two alternative schemes are proposed: one is the rainwater catchment system and the other is the constructed wetland with rainwater catchment system; aspects of economic benefits, technical operation and additional value are well discussed in this text. Furthermore, the theme of this thesis displays the method of planning in advance to replace post-improvements, which shall be the future reference basis for the newly-built residential community to reach the sustainable management for the community water resource.
The rainwater catchment and water supply facilities are designed according to the high intensity and rainfall in case study 1 (scheme 1) utilizes the rainwater in household toilet, cleaning and sprinkling usage; 352 tons of rainwater per household can be saved for reuse annually; the cost of rainwater retrieve is 8.7NTD/ton; the earnings-price ratio will be 1.03 if tap water is 9NTD/ton. General sanitary sewage is recycled by types and pipelines in case study 2 (scheme 2) processed by the community constructed wetland with the features of low pollution, energy saving and environmental education for reuse in the household toilet, cleaning and sprinkling usage; to store the rainwater for wetland dilution or water source supplement in addition. This research result shows that the cost is relatively lower than the sewage treatment facilities for building fabrication; the necessary technical operation and maintenance management are easier with the significant meanings of increasing water resource and reducing expenditure.

並列關鍵字

household sewage ； constructed wetland ； rainwater catchment system ； decentralized sanitation and reuse

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