福壽螺(Pomacea canaliculata)誘引劑開發之研究

The study of the attractant for golden apple snail (Pomacea canaliculata)

鄭嬿甄(Yen-Chen Cheng)

指導教授 ： 陳俊宏

國立臺灣大學/生命科學院/動物學研究研究所/碩士(2005年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2005.01261

摘要

福壽螺在台灣造成的主要危害是農業經濟作物的損失以及對生態環境的衝擊，多年來政府採取許多因應對策，包括撿拾、化學藥劑撲殺或利用魚、鴨等生物防治方法，但成效有限。如何改善福壽螺的危害，仍需要我們密切重視。一般常用的毒殺方式會使福壽螺大量曝屍野外，造成環境的二次破壞。本研究藉由福壽螺對食物的偏好選擇，延伸出以誘引劑捕捉福壽螺的概念。受誘引集中的福壽螺，可製成家畜和家禽飼料，故以誘引劑誘引福壽螺的方式有別於其他對生態環境破壞性強或耗費人力的防治方法。本實驗測試多種葉菜、瓜果與香料作為誘引福壽螺幼螺的原料，發現其中以香蕉具有最佳的誘引效果。以香蕉作為單一誘引成分的結果顯示：在25分鐘內，0.2公克重的香蕉之誘引最大距離為25公分；0.4公克重的香蕉之誘引最大距離為30公分；0.8公克重的香蕉之誘引最大距離為35公分，此關係可求出正相關的關係式，顯示香蕉重量愈大，可吸引的距離愈遠。再者，針對與福壽螺可能共域的螺類進行香蕉誘引實驗結果顯示：福壽螺、台灣椎實螺、囊螺、石田螺、網蜷的受誘引程度具有顯著差異，其中又以福壽螺受誘引的程度最高，表示香蕉對於福壽螺具有較專一的誘引力。而經由甲醛亞硫酸氫鈉、苯甲酸、亞硫酸鈉等添加劑的處理可延長香蕉餌料的防腐與保色期限，但會稍微影響香蕉誘引福壽螺之效果。綜合本研究結果可知香蕉具有作為福壽螺誘引劑之潛力，而未來誘引劑的開發可進一步使用複合材料的配方或是搭配誘引籠，以期可在田間試驗中展現出良好及長效性的誘引效果。

關鍵字

福壽螺 ； 誘引劑 ； 食性偏好 ； 誘引模式 ； 誘引距離

並列摘要

The golden apple snail, Pomacea canaliculata, has made tremendous impacts on agricultural crops as well as ecological system in Taiwan. For many years, the authorities concerned have taken various actions, such as hand-picking or using synthetic commercial molluscicides to eliminate the snails, but all with little effects. Therefore, how to prevent P. canaliculata from making impacts still needs more attention. In general, the snails killed by molluscicides in the field might do secondary damage to the environment. Therefore, the aim of this study is to develop the ideal attractant for P. canaliculata based on its food preferences. The attracted snails can be made into livestock or poultry feed. This method is different from the previous ones which either consumed lots of manpower or affected environmental safety. In this study, various vegetables, fruits and spices were screened to see the effect on the young golden apple snail attraction. The results indicated that banana has the best attracting effect among them all. Within 25 minutes, 0.2 g banana can attract the snails up to 25 cm away, 0.4 g banana can attract the snails up to 30 cm away, and 0.8 g banana can attract the snails up to 35 cm away. The relation can be described with the following positive formula: y = 16.071x + 22.5. In addition, regarding freshwater snails co-habitating with P. canaliculata, the results using banana as the attractant showed that, compared with Radix auricularia, Physa acuta, Sinotaia quadrata and Thiara tuberculata, P. canaliculata is the most attracted species. It means that banana has great specific effect on P. canaliculata attraction. Treatments with additives like sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate, benzoic acid and sodium sulfide can prolong preservation and duration of color of banana. But those additives may lower the effects of the attractant. In a word, this study indicates that banana has the potential to be the ideal attractant for P. canaliculata. In the future, complex formula with specific traps can be applied to in-field experiments in order to make the attracting effect more efficient and endurable.

並列關鍵字

golden apple snail ； Pomacea canaliculata ； attractant ； food preferences

參考文獻

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