- 學位論文
苦茶粕與無患子劑量之pH值特性與對福壽螺防治成效
pH Value Characteristics and Pomacea Canaliculata Culling Performance of Tea Seed Kernel and Sapindus Doses
摘要
福壽螺於1979年引進做為食用螺類遭棄養，由於無天敵威脅迅速蔓延至各地溝渠、池塘及水稻田中，造成農產損失及環境生態浩劫。基於有機農業與生態保護之考量，本研究利用天然植物萃取後殘留之苦茶粕及無患子來進行福壽螺防治，並以pH值做為量測指標。利用0.2 g、1 g、10 g、50 g及100 g等五種不同劑量，探討室內恆溫試驗及室外曝曬試驗條件下，苦茶粕及無患子之pH值特性變化。 由試驗結果分析得知，當劑量由0.2 g增加至100 g時，苦茶粕在室內恆溫試驗與室外曝曬試驗之最終測實值分別為pH 4與pH 4.5屬酸性物質；而劑量同樣由0.2 g增加至100 g時無患子在室內恆溫試驗與室外曝曬試驗之最終測實值分別為pH 5.3與室pH 6屬弱酸性，且兩者對於福壽螺撲殺防治都有顯著成效，對環境影響而言，相較於苦茶粕對於水域環境之酸性釋放，無患子所產生弱酸效果對於土壤、水源較不具威脅性，故在水稻田撲殺福壽螺之藥劑選擇中，可採用無患子來代替苦茶粕也具有相同成效。
並列摘要
Pomacea Canaliculata was introduced in 1979 as the edible snails; however, further it was abandoned. Because it has no threat from natural enemies, it spread rapidly around the ditches, ponds and paddy fields resulted loss in agricultural yields and ecological disaster. Based on organic agriculture and ecological protection considerations, this study used tea seed kernel and sapindus that residual from natural plant extracts to prevent Pomacea Canaliculata. By using pH value as measurement basis, pH of 0.2 g, 1 g, 10 g, 50 g, 100 g five different concentrations on heating test and natural exposure test were determined. Result of experiments showed that tea seed kernel are acidic substances on heating test and natural exposure test , and the final value of pH are 4 and 4.5 when the concentration was increased 0.2g to 100g ; while the same situation on sapindus which rendered weak acid substances, and pH are 5.3 and 6. Both of these substances have significant effectiveness in killing Pomacea Canaliculatas. Concerning on environmental impact, tea-seed waste release acid to waters in environment while sapindus release weak acid in environment which is less threatening in soil and water. Therefore sapindus which has same effectiveness with tea-seed waste was selected instead of tea-seed waste as substrate to kill the Pomacea Canaliculata in paddy fields.