水田對週邊環境空氣溫度之影響評估

Assessing the Effect of Paddy on Ambient Air Temperature

郭芳慈(Fang-Tzu Kuo)

指導教授 ： 鄭克聲

國立臺灣大學/生物資源暨農學院/生物環境系統工程學研究所/碩士(2005年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2005.01338

摘要

水田因湛水，其蒸發散作用旺盛，且熱容量較乾燥地表土壤高，對熱流具有調節作用，能舒緩氣溫、地溫及調節濕度等變異，如日間之涼化作用、日夜溫差縮小。前人應用遙測技術評估水田對周圍環境之涼化作用影響時，僅利用地表溫度進行分析，未考量空氣溫度之變化。因此本研究針對桃園地區進行現地實驗，量測四種地貌類別之地表與空氣溫度，建立其轉換關係式，並結合多時段、多光譜、多空間解析度之衛星影像，評估水田對週邊環境空氣溫度之影響。
研究內容包括：（1）影像處理：NOAA衛星影像之軌道參數校正、幾何校正及濾雲（2）地表地貌分類：利用SPOT多光譜影像，進行最大概似法分類（3）現地實驗：建立地表和空氣溫度之轉換關係式（4）推估四種類別之地表溫度：採用最小平方法推求。
研究結果顯示，利用現地試驗建立地表與空氣溫度之轉換關係式，其 值最高達0.91。當水田百分比增加時，空氣溫度與日夜地表溫差值皆會隨之降低，而水田面積百分比最少和最多時，其空氣溫度差異可達2.83℃，日夜地表溫差值差異可達4.03℃；反之，當建地百分比增加時，其趨勢恰好相反，而建地面積百分比最少和最多時，其空氣溫度差異可達2.04℃，日夜地表溫差值差異可達6.27℃。由此可知，水田面積愈多其涼化作用及縮小日夜溫差之效益愈顯著。

關鍵字

水田 ； 遙測影像 ； 涼化作用 ； 日夜溫差 ； NOAA影像

並列摘要

Because of deep water, the vigorous evapotranspiration and the higher heat capacity are the major characteristics of paddy fields which definitely have the functions of regulating thermal current, easing air and surface temperature, and adjusting humidity and other variations, such as cooling effect of daytime and shortening diurnal difference of temperature. The predecessors assessed the cooling effect of paddy field on ambient environment by remote sensing, it only use surface temperature without considering the change of air temperature. By selecting Taoyuan as the site of field measurement, the research will shows the transformation of four landcovers by measuring their surface and air temperatures. Otherwise, it is expected to assess the effect of paddy on ambient air temperature by combining the satellite images of multi-time, multi-spectrum and multi-space resolution.
The main research contents are: (1) The process of images: It is going to treat geometric correction and detect cloud in NOAA satellite images. (2) Landcover classification: it is expected to use the maximum likelihood classifier to classify by multi-spectrum SPOT images. (3) Field measurement: it is expected to set a transformation between surface and air temperature. (4) Estimating surface temperature of four landcovers: the major method is least square regression.
The result of the research shows the value of in the transformation between surface and air temperature by field measurement is near 0.91. With the increasing percentages of paddy fields, air temperature and diurnal difference of surface temperature will decrease. Otherwise, comparing the most and the least percentages of paddy fields, the difference of air temperature could be 2.83℃; the diurnal difference of surface temperature could be 4.03℃. However, the increasing percentages of buildings will show a contrast result since the difference of air temperature could be 2.04℃ and the diurnal difference of surface temperature could be 6.27℃ by comparing the most and the least percentages of buildings. In other words, the cooling effect and shortening the diurnal difference of temperature would be significant with the increasing percentages of paddy fields.

並列關鍵字

paddy field ； satellite image ； cooling effect ； diurnal difference of temperature ； NOAA image

參考文獻

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