考量災害及壅塞下的動態緊急疏散指示系統

Dynamic Evacuation Guidance Considering Hazards and Congestion

林昱甫(Yu-Fu Lin)

指導教授 ： 朱致遠

國立臺灣大學/工學院/土木工程學研究所/碩士(2016年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU201601175

摘要

在建築物內發生緊急事件時，緊急疏散指示系統是最關鍵的逃生設施之一，一個有效率的緊急疏散指示系統能夠提供逃生指示給行人，以縮短疏散至安全地區之時間並降低可能的傷亡，也能支援搜救人員在救災上的指引。逃生指示及行人疏散之相關研究眾多，但多著重於行人的移動行為以及如何規劃最佳的固定逃生指示，較少研究在疏散過程中，考慮外在環境因子(如災害)和內在環境因子(如壅塞)以重新更新逃生指示，更鮮少討論行人對於逃生指示的反應並將行人的反應當作回饋，因此實際逃生指示之規劃可能缺乏整體的考量而造成效率不佳。因此，本研究建立適用於凸多邊形隔間室內空間之回饋式動態逃生指示設計方法，主要工作包括以下三項，首先，計算考量壅塞與災害之動態逃生指示，再利用包含逃生指示遵從行為之行人模擬模式以真實預測壅塞，最後再透過回饋分析之方法，利用行人之壅塞更新動態指示。測試結果顯示本研究方法可考量災害因素、壅塞以及行人的反應回饋建立動態逃生指示，有效降低行人疏散時間以提昇建築物之安全性以及防災績效。

關鍵字

逃生指示 ； 行人模擬 ； 最佳化 ； 動態網路 ； 遵從行為

並列摘要

The planning for pedestrian evacuation in buildings is important because these buildings are subject to different types of emergency events. In an emergency, pedestrians could rely on emergency guidance such as direction and exit signs for finding routes to exits. However, the safety of a route and its distance to an exit are not deterministic during the evacuation because the distributions of hazards and congestion progress over time. To provide more effective information to pedestrians in an emergency, this research proposes a feedback method to design a dynamic evacuation guidance system in buildings that simultaneously consider hazards and congestion caused by pedestrians. The design method applies to buildings with convex polygonal interior spaces and includes three key steps. First, a dynamic evacuation guidance is created based on the prediction of hazard and congestion. Second, given the evacuation guidance, a pedestrian simulation model with the compliance behaviors is utilized to predict the future congestion. Third, the dynamic evacuation guidance is updated according to and the predicted congestion. Finally, the proposed methodology is demonstrated with numerical examples and the results show that the method has potential to reduce evacuation time in emergency.

並列關鍵字

Evacuation Guidance ； Pedestrian Simulation ； Optimization ； Dynamic Network ； Compliance Behavior

參考文獻

Chabini, I. (1998). Discrete dynamic shortest path problems in transportation applications: complexity and algorithms with optimal run time. Transportation Research Record 1645, 170–175.

Chow, W. K. and Lui, G. C. H. (2002). Numerical studies on evacuation design in karaoke, Building and environment, 37(3), 285-294.

Chu, J. C. and Yeh, C.-Y. (2012). Emergency Evacuation Guidance Design for Complex Building Geometries, ASCE Journal of Infrastructure Systems, 18(4), 288-296.

Gilbert, P. H., Isenberg, J., Baecher, G. B., Papay, L. T., Speilvogel, L. G., Woodard, J. B., and Badolato, E. (2003). Infrastructure issues for cities-countering terrorist threat, Journal of Infrastructure Systems, 9, 44.

Hamad, K., Faghri, A. and Nanda, R. (2003). A Behavioral Component Analysis of Route Guidance Systems Using Neural Networks, Computer-Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering, 18(6), 440-453.