由於台灣複雜的地質構造以及位處菲律賓海板塊和歐亞大陸板塊交界帶,具有複雜且多變的地質環境。因此,隧道工程在開挖解壓後的行為以及遭受外力之斷面變形行為,顯得格外重要,故隧道斷面的監測實為一項重要的課題。然而,現今傳統隧道剖面監測方法,常須花費許多人力、財力、時間,且針對單一隧道剖面而言,僅能得到少數監測點之資訊,實在不敷使用。 有鑑於此,本研究欲提出一套有效、快速的隧道剖面量測技術與方法,並配合相對應的應力分析,試圖找出隧道變形所對應的受力行為。本研究涵蓋兩大部分:雷射剖面影像法及剖面變形之成因回溯探討。隧道量測部分以雷射影像技術為基礎,依據 Ni and Capart(2006)為觀察地下水補注以及湧出所造成地形發展而建立的實驗室雷射掃描技術,採用擷取雷射點以及配合使用MATLAB軟體內建影像糾正功能,將所得影像利用MATLAB做後續分析便可得到該剖面之起伏變化。 造成剖面變形之成因探討部分,沿用邱雅筑(2007)所建立的位移分離法,扣除剛體旋轉以及剛體運動造成的剖面變化。採用數值分析軟體ABAQUS軟體,設計圓形隧道以及給予不同外力型式,其中包含遠域力、近域力、不對稱力以及存在既有弱面之隧道案例,且紀錄隧道位移量。配合使用位移分離法獨立出隧道變形量,並以一β值作為表達,試圖歸納出應力增量形式。 本研究最大目的乃希望藉由發展之雷射剖面影像法,快速且方便的量測目標,並藉由所量測之隧道襯砌變形判斷所受應力增量形式,達到兩研究區塊之結合,盼能作為隧道受力變形的判斷參考與依據,且將此量測技術應用於隧道斷面之常規性檢測,以達變形預測及維修補強之功效。
As a result of the complex geological conditions and frequent plate movement, tunnel excavation and loading result in tunnel deformation in Taiwan. Regular survey is very important to assure the safety of tunnel. However, the traditional methods of tunnel survey take lots of time and money but get few tunnel profile information. Therefore, this research develops a more efficient technique called Profile Image Method to get the tunnel profile. In order to generalize the tunnel deformation behavior, several tunnel loading cases are built by finite element analysis software ABAQUS. In short, this research includes the Profile Image Method and the study of the back-analysis of ambient stress changes. In the part of profile image method, the image processing toolbox in MATLAB is used to calibrate the images. Then, based on the laser scanning and selecting technology (Ni and Capart, 2006), the laser points can be picked and the coordinate can be got. In the study of the back-analysis of ambient stress changes, this research not only adopts the displacement separation method built by Ya-Ju Chiu (2007) but also take off the influence of rigid body rotation. By using the finite element analysis software ABAQUS, the far field force, local field force, un-symmetrical force and existing layer cases are designed. Then, by using the displacement separation method, the tunnel deformation can be got. In order to generalize the deformation behavior and its loading type, this research defines a parameter β to express. By the development of the profile image method and back-analysis of ambient stress changes, engineers can enforce the regular survey and judge where the failure would happen and the stress increment from survey data. Because of the critical data, engineers can predict the deformation tendency and reinforce the tunnel lining.