展望未來的刑事責任概念－以修復式司法為契機

The Concept of Prospective Criminal Responsibility: A Turning-Point from Restorative Justice

凃冠宇(Kuan-Yu Tu)

指導教授 ： 謝煜偉

國立臺灣大學/法律學院/法律學研究所/碩士(2021年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU202104004

摘要

刑事司法系統是以責任制度作為其根基而運作，旨在對應犯罪事態，責任概念在犯罪論與量刑論具有的限定處罰機能，在刑事法領域內占據了重要的地位。然而隨著當代刑事政策的發展，責任概念變得更加空洞與稀薄，責任作為獨立的制度應有重新檢視的必要。
現行刑事責任是以應報為基底採取負擔責任，係以責任的歸屬與清算為主，然而透過日本學者瀧川裕英所提出的應答責任論，本文認為刑事責任並非僅有回顧過去的應報責任，而是具有展望未來的一面，此種責任是直接開展於問責者與答責者之間，毋須透過國家高權介入進行責任的歸屬與分配，從責任實踐的觀點以及刑罰廢止論的觀點來看，應答責任是相較負擔責任值得採取的責任理論。
應答責任論的具體實踐是修復式司法，因此本文試著以應答責任論重新建構修復式司法的內涵，認為修復式司法應該要包含無目的、去國家化、對話、社群參與四個要素。
以我國制度作為討論背景，本文也確認了我國修復式司法之面貌，並試圖以批判性修復式司法的分析指出傳統理論的未盡之處，具體的制度盤點包括了對於告訴乃論、緩起訴、量刑與緩刑制度的重新理解，希冀在現行制度內建立起起懸置或限制現行刑事司法的修復式司法場域。並且，透過以應答責任為基礎的修復式司法理論，本文認為修復式司法不應自我貶抑為刑事司法系統的補充性制度，而應該成為挑戰刑事司法、應報以及刑罰思想的批判性理論。

關鍵字

責任 ； 刑事責任 ； 應答責任 ； 展望未來的責任 ； 修復式司法 ； 批判性修復式司法 ； 刑罰廢止論 ； 告訴乃論

並列摘要

Criminal justice system operates on the basis of a system of responsibility, which is designed to respond to crime. The concept of responsibility occupies an important place in the field of penal law because of its function to limit punishments, both in the theory of crime and the theory of sentencing. However, with the development of contemporary criminal policy, the concept of responsibility has become hollow and dilute. It is necessary to re-examine responsibility as an independent system.
The current criminal responsibility is based on retribution, which focuses on the attribution and settlement of liability responsibility. However, through the theory of responsive responsibility proposed by Japanese scholar Takikawa Hirohide, this thesis argues that besides being a retrospective-retributive responsibility, criminal responsibility also has an aspect of prospective one. From the perspective of responsibility practice and of penalty abolitionism, responsive responsibility is a theory of responsibility worth adopting compared to liability responsibility.
The concrete practice of the theory of responsive responsibility is restorative justice. Therefore, this thesis attempts to reconstruct the connotation of restorative justice by using the theory of responsive responsibility, and believes that restorative justice should include four elements: purposelessness, denationalization, dialogue, and participation of community.
Using the Taiwanese institution as the background, this thesis also identifies the aspect of restorative justice in Taiwan, and tries to point out the inadequacies of traditional theories with an analysis of critical restorative justice. By reconceptualizing institutions of prosecution only upon complaint, deferred prosecution, sentencing and probation, this thesis hopes to develop a field for restorative justice, which epoché and restricts the use of current criminal justice system. Furthermore, through a theory of restorative justice based on the theory of responsive responsibility, this thesis argues that restorative justice should not be self-relegated as a complementary system to the criminal justice system, but should become a critical theory that challenges the ideas of criminal justice, retribution, and punishment.

並列關鍵字

Responsibility ； Criminal Responsibility ； Responsive Responsibility ； Prospective Responsibility ； Restorative Justice ； Critical Restorative Justice ； Penal Abolitionism ； Prosecution only upon Complaint

參考文獻

中文部分（以作者姓氏筆畫排序）

書籍

H. Arendt（著），林宏濤（譯）（2015），《人的條件》，商周出版。

H. Arendt（著），蔡佩君（譯）（2016），《責任與判斷》，二版，左岸文化。

D. Fassin（著），林惠敏（譯）（2019），《懲罰的三大思辨：懲罰是什麼？為何要懲罰？懲罰的是誰？》，聯經。