監造廠商員工違法公司停權之研究

政府採購法公布施行滿23年，對此部法律，最為業界詬病即公告不良廠商制度，其中又以廠商內部員工違法公司連帶遭停權處分令業界怨聲載道。廠商一旦被停權，停權後之1年或3年間，不得參加投標或作為決標對象或分包廠商，嚴重影響廠商之商譽及經營業務，對廠商之影響甚鉅。透過憲法、行政法、民法、刑法及政府採購法等法律條文、法院判決、判例、行政院公共工程委員會函釋及相關文獻等，歸納分析現行政府採購法之停權制度，並針對監造廠商員工違法致使公司停權之問題，藉由案例分析，探討監造單位在公共工程的角色與定位、比例原則、停權處分與行政罰、一審判決有罪即停權有違無罪推定原則之刑事訴訟基本原則、法人及其他組織之責任、一行為不二罰原則之適用、不確定法律概念與情事重大之判定等問題。再藉由業界及臺北高等行政法院2次釋憲，探討內部員工違法造成公司停權合憲性。最後提出本研究之結論與修法建議，及現行制度下以營建管理角度監造單位應有何因應作為提出建議，包括強化監造人員法治觀念、強化工程倫理之振興與推動、設立合約管理部門、建立內部管理系統、輔導查核及內部稽核。

關鍵字

停權；監造；員工違法；比例原則；停權處分與行政罰；一行為不二罰；不確定法律概念

並列摘要

Government Procurement Act (“GPA”) has been enacted for around 23 years since it is promulgated. However, the mechanism of public announcement of non-conforming contractor stipulated in GPA has long been criticized because a suspended contractor is forbidden to participate in any tender, be awarded, or work as subcontractor, which imposes great impact on reputation and business of such contractor. By referencing applicable laws, regulations and documents released by judicial and administrative authorities, such as Constitution, Administrative Laws, Civil codes, Criminal codes, GPA, judicial verdicts and precedents, interpretations and relative documents published by Public Construction Commission, Executive Yuan, this thesis summarizes current mechanism of suspension stipulated in GPA, and also analyzes real cases in which contractor is suspended due to unlawful act of employees hired by supervision subcontractor. Through further study on aforementioned cases, this thesis has deeper probe into issues like roles and responsibilities of supervision subcontractor in the context of public construction contract, principle of proportionality, administrative disposition regarding suspension and administrative penalty, double jeopardy, immediate suspension upon being ruled guilty by first trial judgment, which is in contravention of the presumption of innocence, the fundamental principle of Code of Criminal Procedure, legal responsibilities of legal entity and other organizations, applicability of double jeopardy, uncertain legal concept and the judgment on materiality. In addition, by summarizing 2 times of petitions concerning constitutionality filed by contractor and Taipei High Administrative Court respectively, this thesis takes one step further to focus on whether it is constitutional concerning contractor’s suspension due to unlawful acts of employee hired by contractor itself. Finally, this thesis provides conclusions, suggestions on legislation amendment and what are the countermeasures a supervision subcontractor could do under current mechanism from construction management viewpoint, such as reinforcement of the sense of discipline, resurrection of construction ethics, build-up of contract management department and internal control system, executing audits by internal auditor or by external counselor.

並列關鍵字

suspension ； supervision ； unlawful acts of employees ； principle of proportionality ； administrative disposition regarding suspension and administrative penalty ； double jeopardy ； uncertain legal concept