論騷擾行為之法律管制

騷擾行為是長久以來都存在的現象，常見的行為樣態例如持續跟蹤他人、在他人住家門口站崗、撥打大量的電話、放置令人感到不快的物品等等。而在通訊傳播、網際網路的發展之下，行為人也可以不受時間、空間的限制來騷擾他人。世界各國大多都已認定對於他人的騷擾有予以管制的必要，因而訂定相關的規範。而在我國，以近年來曾發生過的嚴重騷擾案件為契機，也有不少的立法上推動。在如此的潮流之下，本文的目的在於，釐清騷擾行為的管制理由，並建立適當的騷擾行為管制模式。本文認為，騷擾行為的定義應為，違反他人意願而與他人接觸，造成他人心理不安的行為。就管制目的而言，可分成預防面向以及制裁面向。在預防面向上，個案中行為人往往會反覆騷擾行為，造成特定的被害人感到相當的心理不安，再加上騷擾行為有時會演變為嚴重的暴力行為。因此，有必要建立預防性的管制措施，防止特定的行為人繼續騷擾特定的被害人。而就制裁面向而言，騷擾行為往往使得個人感到不安、心生畏懼，而將無法自由地開展自己的生活，必須時時擔心行為人對於其既有生活領域的介入。基於騷擾行為所造成的此種利益侵害，有必要對於造成一定程度侵害的騷擾行為予以制裁，以達到防止此類行為再度出現的目的。就管制的手段而言，本文主要以德國法與日本法作為比較、參考的對象。就德國法而言，管制的措施包括法院核發保護令和刑事處罰，而日本則大致以警察介入與刑事處罰作為管制的手段。從管制面向的區分出發，本文認為，在預防面向上，應由法院作成禁止行為人再度實施騷擾行為的命令，並對違反命令的行為課與刑事處罰。而在制裁面向上，騷擾行為可能造成相當程度的侵害，再加上騷擾行為具有多樣性以及類似於日常生活行為的特性，有必要透過較嚴謹的程序來判斷處罰與否，以避免對於個人權利造成不當的干預。因此，本文認為應對於騷擾行為課與刑事處罰。最後，本文就現行法的相關規範予以檢視，認定我國現行法並無法完全合乎本文所提出的騷擾行為管制模式，而有修法的必要。本文主張應訂定「騷擾行為防制法」的專法，其內容包含法院就騷擾事件核發保護令，以及對於騷擾行為本身的刑事處罰。

關鍵字

跟追；騷擾；跟蹤騷擾；跟蹤糾纏；跟蹤騷擾防制法；民事保護令；刑事處罰

並列摘要

The phenomenon of stalking has lasted for a long time throughout the history. Persistent following, standing guard, making multiple calls or leaving unpleasant objects are common forms of stalking behavior. With the development of communication technology and the Internet, one can stalk another without limitation of time and space. Many countries have recognized the regulatory necessity of stalking and established anti-stalking laws. In the aftermath of some severe stalking incidents, advocating with regards to amendments to the laws surges in Taiwan. Under such a trend, the purpose of this thesis is to clarify the reason for regulation of stalking, and to set up proper measures of regulation. According to this thesis, the definition of stalking is to impose unwanted contacts on the victims which cause anxiety or fear of victims. The regulatory purpose can be classified into two major items. Firstly, stalkers often carry out their behaviors constantly and give rise to mental fear to the victims. Continuous stalking can also change into violent behaviors sometimes. Therefore, it is essential to enact preventive regulations which refrain stalkers from harming victims again. Secondly, stalking behaviors often result in panic and fear of victims. Victims are unable to live their lives to the fullest, worrying about stalkers who interfere in their daily lives unexpectedly. Because of such harm of stalking behaviors, it is necessary to impose legal sanction on stalkers who carry out severe stalking behaviors. With the sanction of stalking, the occurrence of such behaviors can be prevented expectedly. This thesis takes German law and Japanese law as reference. Both Germany and Japan use criminal punishments as a legal measure against stalking. On top of that, Germany also relies on civil protection orders issued by courts while Japan makes use of the authority of police agencies to take precautions against stalking behaviors. Based on the observations above, this thesis points out two regulatory aspects. To prevent stalking from the beginning, the court should have the authority to issue protection orders which prohibit stalkers from carrying out stalking behaviors once again. Those who violate the order will face penalties. As to the sanction on stalking, this thesis is of the opinion that stalking behaviors must be criminalized. The reason is that stalking often causes irreversible harm to victims. In addtion, stalking can vary with a variety of forms which are usually similar to daily behaviors. In order to avoid improper interference in human rights, the procedure of sanction must be meticulous and careful. Finally, this thesis examines the current legal system of Taiwan and points out that the legal system is not in accordance with the proposition of this thesis. Therefore, it is necessary to enact an anti-stalking law, which includes issuance of protection order and punishment on stalking behaviors.