寓居於海陸之際：高雄西南海岸基礎設施與多樣社群實踐

高雄西南海岸自1950年代起，經歷不同時期治理思維下的海岸工程，除了不斷形塑海陸之際的地景，也牽涉到土地、空間、物種、社群活動、知識動員等交織的過程。不同於過往臺灣西海岸社科研究將焦點置於漁村或漁港，本研究從海岸出發，以高雄港十二年擴建工程、第二港口開闢、南星計畫與近年的洲際貨櫃中心工程等當地的海岸工程為例，探討在海岸人工化過程中不同尺度行動者如何相互連結與動員？在不斷打造海岸的過程中，跨尺度的社群、魚、海水、泥沙如何共構與寓居，形成何種社會關係與想像？本論文奠基在近年基礎設施對於人類學與自然的討論，將高雄西南海岸的變遷視作基礎設施化的過程，並藉政府檔案、科學研究報告、工程規劃書與民族誌等材料，分成三個面向回應上述問題。首先，將高雄西南海岸的人工化放在戰後臺灣西海岸「海埔地」開發的脈絡，說明國家如何藉由「基礎設施的作業」（infrastructural work），將法規、機構、知識、技術、人、非人物種與自然現象等異質元素，組織進海岸基礎設施的網絡系統，形塑人、非人物種與地球作用力複合而成的海岸自然本體。第二，聚焦在各尺度人類行動者如何動員科學知識、論述、對土地的情感與日常生活經驗，一再協商與模塑海埔地穩定／變動的狀態，而海埔地也成為需要人類維持的建成環境。第三，將視角轉移到自然現象與非人物種，藉由不同時期基礎設施作業中的泥沙與魚，指出在地社群的採集實踐實際上交織在被基礎設施化、不停變動的海陸韻律，持續生成社會關係與想像，並說明基礎設施系統內在「縫隙」展現的生機。

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並列摘要

The shoreline in southwest Kaohsiung, which has undergone different periods of coastal engineering from the 1950s onwards, constantly shapes and reshapes landscapes between land and sea. This process encompasses co-construction of land, space, species, communities, and, mobilization of knowledge. Equally important, it also involves mutual shaping relations among these phenomena. My thesis focuses on the coast, rather than fishing villages or ports, which have been researched by previous studies of social science. I analyze local coastal engineering, exemplified by the twelve-year expansion program of Kaohsiung Harbor (1958-1970), the construction of second harbor entrance (1967-1975), the Southern Stars Plan (1980 to present), and the Kaohsiung Intercontinental Container Terminal (KITC) (2007 to present). To critically examine these projects which are featured in local coastal engineering, I address the following research questions:1) How are the actors that situate different scales connected to each other and mobilized in the process of the construction of coastal infrastructure? 2) How are cross-scale communities, fish, seawater, and sand, co-constructed and inhabited? 3) What kind of social relations and imagination are produced? Drawing upon the theory of the anthropology of infrastructure, my thesis views the changing shoreline in southwest Kaohsiung as processes of infrastructuration. I analyze the above-mentioned questions along three aspects. First, I conceptualize the shoreline in southwest Kaohsiung in the context of reclaimed land of west coast in Taiwan in the post-war era, and illustrate how the state organized heterogeneous elements like laws, institutions, knowledges, technologies, human, non-human species and natural force into systems of coastal infrastructure by the infrastructural work. In relation to this, I discuss what natural ontologies, composed of human, non-human species and geoforce, are constructed. Second, I look into how cross-scale human actors mobilize scientific knowledge, discourses, experiences about land and everyday life, and how they constantly shape and reshape the condition of reclaimed land. Moreover, the reclaimed areas of land become a demanding built-environment that human actors should maintain. Third, I further analyze natural phenomena and non-human species with sand and fish in different periods of infrastructural work, to show how the practices of fish-gathering of local communities are interweaved in the varying land-water amphibious rhythm, which has already been reconstructed by the coastal infrastructure. The interactions continuously generate ever-becoming social relations and imagination. In particular, I vividly illustrate the vitality of interstices, which are inherent in the infrastructure.