火災模擬方法應用於消防滅火訓練設施設計之研究

A Study on Fire Extinguishing Training Facility Design by Using Fire Dynamic Simulation Method

張冠吾(Kuan-Wu Chang)

指導教授 ： 陳誠亮

國立臺灣大學/工學院/化學工程學研究所/碩士(2006年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2006.01714

摘要

火災因火源、可燃物及通風條件狀態具有高度時間依存性，造成火場內部變化瞬息萬變。本研究在建立一套可靠的理論模式來模擬滅火訓練設施內部流場變化如溫度分布、質傳效應及通風效應，並從中了解火災相關危害因子之影響及其作用，以期消防人員在面臨真實火場前能先處於可控制風險的火災環境進行訓練，以達到減低搶救人員傷亡之目的。
目前國外的閃燃滅火訓練設施多仰賴實務界的試誤，亦即藉由訓練中發生的錯誤來調整重現真實火場來達成訓練的目的，不僅危險性高，且缺乏一套正確的理論分析模式。對此，本文從單一水線滅火最低水量得到訓練設施尺寸的合理性要求，並依得到的設施合理尺寸嘗試不同的配置方式造成的影響；另依閃燃條件決定訓練設施火源的大小及閃燃通風開口條件，最後觀察內部流場的溫度分布並與消防人員平時穿戴之防護裝具耐熱性做比較及分析。最終由理論模式及分析基礎的設計達到訓練風險控制的要求。文後對於設施應有的緊急停止裝置、材質補強等安全性設計及後續濃煙污染控制範疇不在本文探討之列。

關鍵字

滅火訓練設施 ； 火災模擬 ； 閃燃 ； 防火擋板 ； 階層 ； 火源

並列摘要

Because of the heat sources, flammable objections, and the ventilation, fires are strongly time-dependent; it causes the internal flow of a fire ground changes frequently.
An effective training is the best way for fire fighters to reduce the injuries in the fire ground. However, today most fire extinguishing trainings are relied on the practicing trials and errors . Lacking of a correctly analytical model is very dangerous and it means that we have to face a real fire scenario during the training.
This paper is aimed to set up a reliable model to simulate the changes of internal flow in the fire extinguishing training facility and wish to find a reliable and safer allocation of the training facilities by the adjustment of fire damper, elevation, and fire source. The necessary safety designs such as emergency stop devices and smoke pollution controls are not included in this research.

並列關鍵字

fire extinguishing training facility ； fire dynamic simulation ； flashover ； fire damper ； elevation ； fire source

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