集合住宅建築模板工程之生產力分析

Productivity Analysis of Construction Formwork in Residential Buildings

張鴻展(Hung-Chan Chang,)

指導教授 ： 郭斯傑

國立臺灣大學/工學院/土木工程學研究所/碩士(2007年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2007.01648

摘要

摘要
國內業界對營建技術工一向秉持不直接僱用模式，因此模板工程長期以來都採用外包方式經營，經由數家專業小包在成本、品質與效率之競價考量下決定承攬之小包。近年來由於模板工程之勞工逐漸老化及減少，新進工人參與率大幅降低，模板工程之價格完全因進度要求、品質及市場供需受制於小包，而無法依據生產力之分析正確的反應成本，以致於模板價格無法讓業界穩定的掌控。經本研究調查模板單價為例，三年前之均價每平方公尺為265元而今每平方公尺之均價為450元以上。
本研究以現場實地觀察記錄方式對大台北地區銀河水都、新天地、大學風呂、紫京城及未來城A、B兩標，六個工程個案總樓地板共計五十萬平方公尺較具規模代表性之民間集合住宅建築工地實地調查，以傳統模板施工之模式進行生產力量測。在進度要求前題之下，模板使用套數、出工人數之完成數量、模板材料組成、五金耗材統計、廢料清運處理、工具損耗、剩餘材料運搬、堆放及保養等八個因子作為統計生產力之依據，充分了解其工作內涵及執行情形。並對管理者及參與技術工做深入訪談。
經分析初步成果，模板工程使用之材料無論在板模的系統化訂製、五金螺栓結繫配件、鋼製背撐材料強化及輕量化、電動工具及楊重設備之使用應該使生產力堤昇。調查分析生產力由五年前之15平方公尺/人日卻反而降低至12平方公尺/人日。深入訪談發現目前勞工平均年齡已屆50歲，且55歲以上勞工約佔總模板工之百分之五十；模板工程在沒有年輕人投入，隨著模板工之高齡化已嚴重影響模板之產能。本研究之結果使業界正視勞工高齡化及短缺之問題，對未來營運方針、成本管控及營建管理有所助益。

關鍵字

集合住宅 ； 模板工程 ； 生產力

並列摘要

Abstract

The construction industry in Taiwan always use the indirect employment pattern to hire the construction technicians, instead out sourcing operation has been used for framework engineering work, through the competition of several professional subcontractors regarding to cost, quality and efficiency, the winning subcontractor is decided. During recent years, due to the aging and reduction in the number of labors in framework engineering, and the reduction in the number of new labors; the price of framework engineering is completely controlled by such factors as progress requirement, quality and supply and demand of the market by the sub- contractor; therefore. The productivity analysis can not precisely reflect the cost, and the construction professionals can not control the price of framework engineering. According to the investigation of this study, taking the unit price of framework engineering as an example, 3 years ago, the average price was NT＄265/m2, but today, it is more than NT＄450/m2.
This study conducted on site investigations of 6 construction cases as Silver River Front, the New World, University Plaza, The Forbidden City, and the Future City A and B in the greater Taipei area, the total flooring areas of the abovementioned 6 construction cases are 500,000m2 which represented the typical congregate housing construction. The study on productivity according to the traditional framework engineering was also included. Under the prerequisite of progress requirement, 8 factors such as the sets of framework used, the number of labors, the composition of framework material, the statistics of the metal hardware consumption, the processing of wastes, the loss and wearing of equipments, the transportation and removal of residual materials, storage and maintenance were used as the basis for productivity analyses in order to fully understand the content and implementation of the study. Interviews were also conducted to the managers and technicians.
According to the analysis of preliminary results, it indicated that the systematic order of the framework materials and the applications of metal screw components, the reinforcement and lightweight of the steel-back supporting materials, the electro-equipment and weight-lifting equipment would help to upgrade the productivity. The analysis of this study showed that 5-years ago, and the productivity was 15 m2/man-day, but the figure reduced to 12 m2/man.day at present. Through interviews, we know that the average age of labor is 50 years old today, and labors more than 45 years old account for about 50% of the total labor force; without the participation of young men in framework engineering, coupled with the aging of the present labor force, which would influence the productivity in framework engineering greatly. The result of this study would make the professionals look at the problems of aging and shortage of labor seriously, and would be helpful to the management strategy in the future, cost control and overall construction management.

並列關鍵字

Residential Buildings ； Construction Formwork ； Productivity

參考文獻

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參考文獻

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