應用於81-86 GHz點對點無線傳輸系統之低雜訊放大器與主動平衡非平衡轉換器設計

Design Techniques of Low Noise Amplifier and Active Balun for 81-86 GHz High Speed Point-to-Point Telecom System

周碩君(Shuo-Chun Chou)

指導教授 ： 汪重光

國立臺灣大學/電機資訊學院/電子工程學研究所/碩士(2012年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2012.10796

摘要

隨著半導體製程的蓬勃發展，電晶體的尺寸不斷的微縮，電晶體所能操作的頻率也不斷上升，近年來使用CMOS製程實現毫米波電路與系統的研究相當受到重視。根據美國聯邦通訊委員會公布之使用規範，81-86 GHz將應用於高速點對點無線通訊系統，此傳輸系統藉由其高傳輸率來做為用戶與整個網路聯接的橋樑，其傳輸範圍可達數公里之遠。然而因為其較遠的傳輸距離及高傳輸率的要求，使用低成本的CMOS製程來實現此毫米波系統為一非常困難的挑戰。因此本論文將著重於81-86 GHz無線接收機前端電路的設計與實現。

由於此系統的傳輸範圍相當遠，對於無線接收機的增益及雜訊指數要求也相當高，本論文提出一個適用於毫米波的低雜訊放大器架構，利用基本放大器的特性相互配合，用較簡單的架構來同時達到高增益和低雜訊。經由實際量測，此低雜訊放大器具有19分貝的順向增益、16 GHz的頻寬、4.3分貝的雜訊指數，並且在0.7伏特及1伏特電壓供應下，消耗功率為21.4毫瓦。

為了提升無線接收機的效能，採用差動訊號的架構可以具有許多優點，如抑制偶數階的諧波失真以及抗拒共模雜訊的能力，因此在低雜訊放大器之後接上一平衡非平衡轉換器，將單端訊號轉為差動訊號，藉由此差動訊號可提升後級電路對抗雜訊的能力。然而在毫米波時，此電路將會具有相當大的增益誤差以及相位誤差，使得差動訊號的優點消失。為了解決此問題，提出一個具有振幅及相位校正技巧的平衡非平衡轉換器，可大幅降低差動訊號的增益誤差及相位誤差，產生較理想的差動訊號。經由實際量測，此平衡非平衡轉換器具有6.1分貝的增益、12 GHz的頻寬、增益誤差和相位誤差在頻寬內分別小於0.36分貝以及2.2度，並且在1伏特的電壓供應下，消耗功率為11.6毫瓦。

關鍵字

接收機 ； 低雜訊放大器 ； 平衡非平衡轉換器 ； 震幅和相位校正 ； 增益誤差 ； 相位誤差

並列摘要

With the continuous development of semiconductor process, the size of a transistor decreases rapidly, and the maximum operation frequency is also increased rapidly. The researches for implementation of millimeter-wave circuit and system have become attractive recently. According to the announcement of Federal Communication Commission (FCC) of United States, the 81-86 GHz band is allocated to the high-speed point-to-point telecom system applications. With high data-rate of the system, users can connect to the network through the telecom system. The transmission range of the telecom system covers several kilo-meters. However, owing to long transmission range and high data-rate, how to realize the millimeter-wave system in low-cost CMOS process is a very difficult challenge. Therefore, this thesis will focus on the 81-86 GHz wireless receiver front-end circuit design.

Because the transmission range of telecom system is long, the requirements of gain and noise figure to a receiver are severe. This thesis proposes the LNA architecture, which is suitable for millimeter-wave frequency. By optimal arrangement of topology at each stage, the LNA has high gain and low noise with simple architecture. The LNA has measured 19dB forward gain, 16 GHz bandwidth, 4.3dB noise figure, and the power consumption is 21.4mW with 0.7V and 1V supply voltages.

In order to increase the performance of wireless receiver, the differential signals is preferred because many advantages such as suppression of even-order harmonic distortion and better rejection of common-mode noise. Therefore, a balun is used after LNA to transform signal from single-ended to differential. However, the balun has large gain error and phase error in millimeter-wave frequency. In order to solve the problem, the magnitude and phase correction technique (MPCT) is proposed for the balun. This technique can reduce the gain error and phase error effectively even in millimeter-wave frequency. The balun has measured 6.1dB forward gain, 12 GHz bandwidth, gain error and phase error are smaller than 0.36dB and 2.2 degree respectively in 3 dB bandwidth and the power consumption is 11.6mW with 1V supply voltage.

並列關鍵字

receiver ； LNA ； balun ； magnitude and phase correction ； gain error ； phase error

參考文獻

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