國小學生政治社會化成效之研究:以台北市國小四至六年級學生為例

THE EFFECTS OF POLITICAL SOCIALIZATION ON ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF THE FOURTH, FIFTH, AND SIXTH GRADERS IN TAIPEI CITY

侯淑嫣(Shu-Yen, Hou)

指導教授 ： 曹俊漢

國立臺灣大學/社會科學院/政治學研究所/碩士(2005年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2005.01677

摘要

本研究旨在探究目前台北市國小學生政治社會化之成效。為達成研究目的，本研究採取問卷調查法，自台北市十二個行政區中，每區抽取一校，每校抽取四、五、六年級各一班，共十二校，三十六班為研究對象，取得有效樣本964份。主要的研究發現如下：
一、在政治認知方面：
(一)整體而言，台北市兒童的政治知識仍有加強的空間。
(二)個人背景因素如學校所在地區、年級、班級幹部經驗的多寡與父母親學歷的高低與學生的政治知識間有顯著相關。
(三)在政治社會化媒介因素中，研究發現父母教養方式為民主型、教師領導風格民主型、同儕參與公共事務愈積極、接觸大眾傳播媒體頻率愈高的兒童，其政治知識程度愈高。
二、在政治態度方面：
(一)整體而言，台北市兒童的政治態度(政治功效感、政治信任感、政治參與傾向)屬於中間偏向積極型，但與過去研究比較，政治功效感有提升的傾向，但政治信任感有下降的趨勢。
(二)個人背景不同的兒童於政治態度上存有差異，其中學校所在地位於不同行政區的兒童，於政治信任感上有顯著差異，年級愈低的兒童，其政治態度愈趨正向積極，經常擔任班級幹部的兒童有較積極、正面的政治態度。
(三)家庭教養方式為民主型、教師領導風格愈趨民主的兒童，其政治態度愈趨積極、正向；同儕間積極參與公共事務、或個人接觸大眾傳播媒體頻率較高者在政治功效感或政治參與傾向上有較為積極的表現。
三、在政治認知與政治態度相關層面上：
本研究結果顯示學童的政治認知愈高，其政治功效感、政治參與傾向也愈高，但政治信任感卻愈低。
根據研究結果，研究者對於國小階段實施政治社會化教育提出幾項建議，並進一步展望台灣未來民主政治的發展。

關鍵字

政治參與傾向 ； 政治信任感 ； 政治功效感 ； 政治社會化 ； 政治知識 ； 政治態度

並列摘要

The present study seeks to investigate the effects of political socialization on elementary school students. To achieve the purpose, questionnaire research method and stratified sampling technique were administered. The subjects of the study comprise fourth, fifth, and sixth graders from 36 different classes in12 schools located in different districts in Taipei city.
Based on the quantitative data analysis, the major findings of the study are summarized as follows:
(1) Regarding students’ political cognition, the results indicate that students’ overall level of political knowledge still needs upgrading.
(2) Background variables including the district of school location, grade, student cadre experience, and parental education levels are significantly related to overall political knowledge.
(3) Of the four political agents variables, democratic parenting style and democratic teacher leadership have significant positive impacts on students’ political cognition sophistication. Students who participate more in school extracurricular activities, and students who are more frequently exposed to the mass media possess greater political cognition sophistication.
(4) With regard to students’ political attitudes, the results reveal an upward trend in sense of political efficacy, yet downward in sense of political trust, if compared to the results of past studies.
(5) Significant differences of political attitudes exist between students with different backgrounds. The district of school location is significantly related to students’ sense of political trust. The fourth and fifth graders have more positive political attitudes than the sixth graders. Those who frequently participate in school extracurricular activities are apt to obtain positive political attitudes.
(6) Of the four political agents variables, democratic parenting style and democratic teacher leadership have significant positive impacts on students’ political attitudes. Students who participate more in school extracurricular activities, and students who are more frequently exposed to the mass media have stronger sense of political efficacy or political participatory disposition.
(7) As for the relationship between student’s political cognition and political attitudes, the results show that students who are more politically knowledgeable possess stronger sense of political efficacy and participatory disposition, but lower sense of political trust.
Based on the findings, pedagogical recommendations, suggestions for future studies, and prospects for Taiwan’s future democratic development are proposed.

並列關鍵字

political attitudes ； political participatory disposition ； sense of political trust ； political socialization ； sense of political efficacy ； political cognition

參考文獻

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