自來水配水系統中消毒副產物生成模式之研究

Assessing and modeling DBP formation in a water distribution system

郭修志(Hsiu-Chih Kuo)

指導教授 ： 蔣本基

國立臺灣大學/工學院/環境工程學研究所/碩士(2006年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2006.01982

摘要

自來水消毒的目的是要確保飲用水之安全，但加氯消毒程序所產生的消毒副產物，對人體造成致癌性風險。增加了國內外學者對自來水的供水安全的研究與重視。且配水系統中消毒副產物的生成受到物理、化學及生物因子的變化，故將經由採樣分析及現場實驗來了解消毒副產物生成之情形。
本研究以澄清湖淨水廠及其配水系統為研究對象，進行批次槽及配水管線中消毒副產物之生成動力實驗與水質參數及操作因子對消毒副產物生成實驗，並結合水力分析軟體Surfer及WaterCAD分析管網中之水力流況與管網水質現況，來加以驗證及建立配水系統中消毒副產物生成模式。以提供飲用水安全防護體系評估參數，藉此提昇自來水供水系統之水質安全及水廠操作調整之依據。
澄清湖高級處理淨水廠，主要利用臭氧來處理自來水中難分解之有機物質，由加氯實驗發現其餘氯消減應包括初始餘氯反應、二階反應及一階反應。而經加氯消毒後所產生的消毒副產物包含THMs及HAAs大部分會生成於淨水廠清水池中。模擬淨水廠實際加氯程序發現THMs在二次加氯後到管線其生成濃度有較顯著的增加；但HAAs卻無一定的生成情形。建立之THMs生成模式可適用估算清水池及配水管網中之濃度；HAAs生成模式亦可適用估算清水池之濃度。另外比較高級處理與傳統處理發現經高級處理過後不論基本水質或經加氯消毒所產生之消毒副產物濃度都較傳統處理為佳，顯示澄清湖淨水廠其供水系統更能確保飲用水的安全。

關鍵字

供水安全 ； 配水系統 ； 澄清湖淨水廠 ； 加氯程序 ； 餘氯消減 ； 消毒副產物生成 ； WaterCAD

並列摘要

The purpose of the disinfection process to the water treatment plant is to ensure the water supply system security. However, the disinfection by-products (DBPs) formed during the disinfection process might cause the carcinogenic risk for human beings, which enhanced the concern of the issue of water supply system security by the academic sectors. The physical, chemistry and the biological factors would influence the DBPs formation in the distribution system. Therefore, using the sampling analysis and the in-situ experiment investigate the DBPs formation in the distribution system.
The research focuses on the Cheng-Chin Lake Waterworks and the water distribution system. The investigation is including the experiment of DBPs kinetics formation reaction and the effect of the water quality parameters and the operation factors on DBP formation in the water distribution pipe line and batch reactor. Combining the hydraulic analysis software Surfer and WaterCAD analyzes the hydraulic flows and water quality in the pipe network, which establishes and validates the DBPs formation predictive model in the water distribution system. By the assessment parameters of drinking water security system promotes the water supply security system and optimization operation in the waterworks.
Introducing the ozonation process treats the persistent organic matters is particular in the Cheng-Chin Lake Waterworks. The results of chlorination process reveal that the chlorine decay is including the initial, first-order and second-order reactions. The major disinfection by-products including THMs and HAAs is formed in the clear well. The THMs formation concentration increases obviously from second additive chlorine to pipeline during the chlorination process in the waterworks simulation. But HAAs formation is not corresponded to THMs formation. The development of the THMs predictive formation model is suitable for simulating the THMs formation in the clear well and water distribution system. Furthermore, the HAAs predictive model is good for predicting HAAs in the clear well. The treated water quality and DBPs formation concentration is excellent in the advanced water treatment plant. Therefore, the water supply system in the advanced water treatment more confirms drinking water safety.
CE Database subjects headings：Water supply system security, water distribution system, Cheng-Chin Lake water treatment plant, chlorination, chlorine decay, disinfection by-products（DBPs）formation, WaterCAD.

並列關鍵字

Water supply system security ； water distribution system ； Cheng-Chin Lake water treatment plant ； chlorination ； chlorine decay ； disinfection by-products（DBPs）formation ； WaterCAD

參考文獻

李易書, “臭氧化小分子有機前質對消毒副產物生成的影響” ，碩士論文，國立台灣大學環境工程研究所，民國94年（2005）。

賴文亮, 「各種淨水程序對生物可分解有機質及消毒副產物之控制」 ，博士論文，國立成功大學環境工程研究所，台南，民國90年（2001）。

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