台北市大氣粒狀物結合型多環芳香烴化合物與交通排放的關係

Air Particulate-bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Relation to Traffic Emission in Taipei

卓金鴻(Chin-Hung Cho)

指導教授 ： 林嘉明

國立臺灣大學/公共衛生學院/環境衛生研究所/碩士(2007年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2007.01975

摘要

本研究以十種4環以上大氣粒狀物結合型多環芳香烴（PAHs）為研究對象，選擇台北市都會區之交通測站（高交通流量）及校園（較低交通流量兩處採樣地點，使用內含37 mm鐵氟龍濾紙的三片式濾紙匣，與採樣 流速約10 L/min的中流量幫浦空氣採樣器連接，於冬季進行24小時總粉塵採樣，採樣時間6∼7週，並作微粒質量濃度分析、微粒負載之PAHs分析，分別測得大氣懸浮微粒質量濃度，交通測站為84.86±9.96μg/m3， 校園為50.60±8.99μg/m3，十種PAHs濃度交通測站為95.33±5.64 ng/m3 校園為55.03±4.76ng/m3，另外也與鄰近空氣品質監測站的CO, NMHC, NO2, NOX, O3, PM10, SO2, THC監測值做比較，發現交通排放廢氣是都會地區主要的空氣 污染來源。
依據以City Traffic PAH Emission Profile為基礎延伸的四種方法推估，交通源對二個採樣點之貢獻比率分別為交通測站82.62％, 80.79％, 87.53％, 84.52％，校園為74.24％, 70.95％, 78.62％, 73.48％。
至於主成份分析（Principal Component Analysis, PCA）方法的應用，指出交通源所貢獻的PAHs分別是交通測站80.23％及校園73.22％。
進一步利用PAHs排放源診斷比值，評估加裝觸媒轉換器及非加裝觸媒轉換器車輛PAHs排放貢獻，在交通測站，加裝及非加裝觸媒轉換器車輛PAHs排放貢獻比率分別為38.68％, 61.83％，在校園分別為40.24％, 57.66％。
整體而言，認為台北市大氣粒狀物結合型PAHs交通源排放之貢獻約為79.93±5.49％，而加裝觸媒轉換器車輛及非加裝觸媒轉換器車輛，排放PAHs貢獻百分比分別為39.42±3.10 ％, 59.93±2.51％。

關鍵字

粒狀物結合型多環芳香烴化合物 ； 都市交通多環芳香烴化合物 ； 排放指紋 ； 診斷比值 ； 主成份分析

並列摘要

This study was aimed to determine ten ambient particulate-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons（PAHs） with four or more aromatic rings to estimate the contribution from traffic emission in Taipei City. Samples were taken in winter for 6∼7 weeks at two sites, downtown with heavy traffic and campus with relatively light traffic.
The total suspended particulates was collected for 24h by using a three pieces cassette holder with 37mm TEF filter incorporated with a medium-volume air sampler at flow rate of 10 L/min.
The particulate-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons（PAHs）were quantified by GC-MS after the mass concentration of particulate was determined. The results show that average mass concentration of the air suspended particulates ranged from 84.86±9.96μg/m3 in downtown and 50.60±8.99μg/m3 in campus, and the corresponding concentration of PAHs were 95.33±5.64ng/m3 and 55.03±4.76ng/m3, respectively. Correlation of particulate mass concentration or PAHs concentration to CO, NMHC, NO2, NOX, O3, PM10, SO2 and THC from the neighbor air quality monitoring stations, indicate that vehicle exhaust is a major pollutant source.
Upon the four methods with basis of City Traffic PAH Emission Profile, the estimated contribution of vehicle emission to PAHs in downtown and in campus by methods, were 82.62％, 80.79％, 87.53％, 84.52％ and at campus were 74.24％, 70.95％, 78.62％, 73.48％, respectively.
However, Principal Component Analysis（PCA）demonstrated that the result in downtown and in campus were 80.23％ and 73.22％, respectively.
When the PAHs emission diagnostic ratios were applied to evaluate the catalyst-equipped vehicles and the non-catalyst vehicles contribution to PAHs, the catalyst-equipped and non-catalyst vehicles accounted for 38.68％ and 61.83％, respectively in downtown；40.24％ and 57.66％, respectively in campus.
Overall, the traffic contribution to air particulate-bound PAHs in Taipei is79.93±5.49％；the catalyst-equipped and non-catalyst vehicles contributed39.42±3.10 ％ and 59.93±2.51％, respectively.

並列關鍵字

paticulate-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) ； City Traffic PAH Emission Profile ； diagnostic ratios ； Principal Component Analysis(PCA)

參考文獻

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