虛擬實境景觀類型對生命力與注意力恢復力的影響

過去許多研究證實，自然環境對人類的生心理具有正向效益。但是隨著科技發展與都市化的現象，人們越來越難有機會接觸大自然，而透過虛擬實境呈現的影像，能十分接近真實的環境體驗，使人有彷彿身歷其境的感受，因此，自此技術出現以來，已被廣泛應用於各個專業領域，例如：醫療、軍事訓練、教育、休閒娛樂、旅遊、建築設計、身心健康等。本研究目的是利用頭戴式虛擬實境裝置，播放溪流、森林、河濱公園、都市公園及都市等五種不同的景觀類型影像，以自評式問卷了解生命力、注意力恢復力、景觀偏好及情緒體驗等心理感受，再使用胸戴式心率感測器量測心跳速率及心率變異量等心血管指標，探討透過虛擬實境所呈現的景觀類型對於生心理之影響，以及生命力與其他生心理反應之關係。經由線上招募121位受測者，隨機分配觀看一種景觀類型之虛擬實境影片，並收集生心理數據。研究結果顯示，不同虛擬實境景觀類型對於生命力、注意力恢復力、景觀偏好及情緒體驗之愉悅程度等心理感受的影響具有顯著差異；而心血管指標方面，對於心率變異量之HF的影響也具有顯著差異，表示放鬆程度有所不同；最後，本研究也發現生命力在虛擬實境景觀類型與注意力恢復力、景觀偏好及情緒體驗之愉悅程度之間扮演著部分中介的角色。透過本研究之結果，使接觸自然景觀的方式有更多種選擇，同時，也增加人們體驗不同環境健康效益的機會。

關鍵字

虛擬實境；生命力；注意力恢復力；心跳速率；心率變異量

並列摘要

Previous research has indicated that exposure to nature brings psychological and physiological benefits to the human. With the rapid development of technology and urbanization, people spend less and less time outside in natural environment. Since Virtual Reality (VR) has diversified its application areas, such as medical, military training, education, recreation and entertainment, travel, architectural design, physical rehabilitation, and psychological treatments. In the field of landscape architecture, it could be a new technology to simulate the users interact with environments as real. The purpose of this study is to test the relationship among stream, forest, riverside park, urban park, and city on individuals’ psychological and physiological responses through VR technology with 360-degree videos. By randomly assigned to view the experimental environments through VR, the study measured 121 participant’s psychological responses including vitality, attention restoration, preference and emotional experience and physical responses of heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV). The results show that the vitality, attention restoration, preference, and pleasure emotion were significant differences in landscape types. There is a significant difference between forest and urban park on HF of HRV, which indicates human be more relax in forest than in urban park. The partial mediating role of vitality in the effects of different virtual reality landscape types on psychological and physiological benefits were also observed. The results address by using VR it could be another options for human to experience healthy benefits in different environments.