培養十字花科芽菜時添加幾丁聚醣對芽菜營養成分及抗癌活性之影響

十字花科芽菜富含抗癌活性成分如硫配醣體 (glucosinolate)及多酚化合物 (phenolic compound)；這些成分為植物防禦素 (phytoalexin)，在環境壓力下能夠被誘導在植物體內大量合成，保護植物對抗外來壓力幫助植物生存。幾丁聚醣為特定真菌之細胞壁組成成分，研究指出其參與了植物-病原菌交互作用系統 (plant-pathogen interaction system)，具促進植物防禦素之合成之活性，且其激發能力隨乙醯程度 (degree of acetylation，DA)而有所差異。本實驗在種植十字花科芽菜時添加不同乙醯程度之幾丁聚醣，探討其對於十字花科芽菜營養成分及生理活性之影響。實驗結果顯示，在培養十字花科芽菜時添加幾丁聚醣溶液可促進芽菜抗癌活性成分之含量，包括硫配醣體及多酚類物質，進而影響芽菜之抗氧化活性及對大腸直腸癌HT-29的抑制增生能力。其激發之能力隨幾丁聚醣DA、植株種類及添加濃度而有所差異。在花椰芽菜上，隨DA之提升，幾丁聚醣之激發活性越強，其中DA40%之幾丁聚醣處理高濃度下能同時顯著促進芽菜的硫配醣體及多酚含量及抗氧化活性；而蘿蔔嬰方面則隨DA越低者處理效果越佳，以DA11%者達最佳促進效果。在抗癌活性上，與未經幾丁聚醣處理組比較，在特定的稀釋倍數及處理時間下DA40%及DA11%之幾丁聚醣各別處理下分別使花椰芽菜及蘿蔔嬰之HT-29抑制增生活性提升最高達69.95%及30.80%，表示幾丁聚醣可通過提升芽菜之抗癌活性成分，進而提升芽菜之抗癌活性。此外，分別以上述DA之幾丁聚醣處理下，亦可提升兩株芽菜的關鍵抗癌活性成分硫配醣體之總量，最高分別達 34.40±4.0 %及37.20±4.47%。最後，綜合考慮抗癌活性總量及抗癌活性之結果，在花椰芽菜上以添加0.25%之DA40%之幾丁聚醣效果最佳，而蘿蔔嬰則以添加0.25%之DA11%之幾丁聚醣為最佳處理條件。

關鍵字

十字花科芽菜；抗癌活性；硫配醣體；多酚類物質；抗氧化活性

並列摘要

Cruciferous sprouts are recognized as health-promoting and cancer preventive foods due to its high content of bioactive phytochemicals. These phytochemicals can be induced in response to biotic stress, such as pathogen invasion. Chitosan, one of the polysaccharides found in the cell wall of specific fungi, exhibits elicitor activity and triggers the biosynthesis of active metabolites. Although the majority of research has been done on native chitosan, but the recetylation of chitosan may have beneficial effects on elicitor property of chitosan. Therefore, the prime objective of this study was to enhance the bioactive compounds and consequently the anticancer properties of cruciferous sprouts by supplementation of chitosan with different degree of acetylation (DA) during cultivation. For this propose, the cruciferous sprouts, including broccoli (Brassica oleracea) and radish (Raphanus sativus), were cultivated with and without supplementation of chitosan. Chitosan with DA11%, DA25% and DA40%, which were prepared by chemical reacetylation, were used as chitosan elicitor and their elicitor activities were compared. During our study, tolerance test was performed for different concentration of chitosan up to 1% (w/v) for both broccoli and radish sprouts. The chitosan treatment caused a decrease in total fresh weight and dry weight for both sprouts. Further, both the cruciferous sprouts showed different levels of glucosinolate and phenolic content when supplemented with different DA of chitosan. Among the chitosan elicitor, the chitosan with DA 40% showed the highest elicitor activity on broccoli sprouts, which triggered the highest amount of glucosinolate and phenolic compound of sprouts, and also increased the DPPH scavenging activity of sprouts. While, in case of radish sprouts, chitosan with DA11% was the most effective elicitor as compare to others. Further, the chitosan with DA40% and DA11% also significantly enhanced anticancer properties of broccoli and radish sprouts against colon cancer cell lines HT-29. Broccoli showed a 69.95% increase of antiproliferative activity, while radish sprouts showed 30.80% increase. On the other hand, although the chitosan treatment decreased the sprouts yield, the total glucosinolate content in broccoli sprouts and radish sprouts showed an increase of 34.40% and 37.20% by the supplementation of chitosan with DA 40% and chitosan with DA11%, respectively. In conclusion, the best eliciting effect for broccoli sprout is 0.25% of chitosan with DA 40%, and for radish is 0.25% chitosan with DA11%. Thus, fortification of crucifers with chitosan is beneficial in improving the nutritional quality and anticancer properties of broccoli and radish sprouts.

並列關鍵字

cruciferous vegetables ； anticancer properties ； antioxidative properties ； glucosinolate ； phenolic compounds

參考文獻

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培養十字花科芽菜時添加幾丁聚醣對芽菜營養成分及抗癌活性之影響

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