民代賄賂罪之研究——以德國刑法第108e條為中心

A Study of Active and Passive Bribery of Mandate Holders：Focusing on Section 108e of German Criminal Code

王芳凱(Fang-Kai Wang)

指導教授 ： 林鈺雄

國立臺灣大學/法律學院/法律學研究所/碩士(2016年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU201610377

摘要

對於民意代表如此細微的權力觸角，刑法理應作何反應以及現行法的處理是否得當，是本文問題的出發點。在具體問題的設定上，本文主要聚焦在兩個層次，即民意代表是否屬於公務員？以及民意代表賄賂與公務員賄賂是否存在著差別？

對此，德國法將民意代表排除在公務員概念之外，而民代賄賂罪的發展也是一波三折：在1871年帝國刑法典時期，民代賄賂作為下位概念被嵌入到一般的投票賄賂罪之中；在1953年，德國一方面擴張了一般投票賄賂罪的處罰範圍。從而即使雙方未形成合意，也可以進行處罰。另一方面，卻限縮了一般投票賄賂罪的處罰範圍，將民代賄賂排除在本罪處罰範圍之外；到了1994年，德國透過修法訂立一條獨立的民代賄賂罪。但該條文的處罰範圍仍是高度限縮的，其僅處罰在特定代議機構內部的選舉或表決行為。終於，德國為了批准國際反貪腐公約，在2014年對民代賄賂罪做了大幅的修改而擴張了本罪的處罰範圍。但相較於其他歐陸國家的立法例以及國際反貪腐公約的要求，新法仍存在著未竟全功的處罰漏洞。

基於德國學說上對該法的討論以及歐陸國家的對照，本文最後將視角拉回台灣：先試圖描繪出台灣目前關於（民代）賄賂罪的取徑與困境，並基於上述的認知，嘗試提出可能的解決方案。

關鍵字

民意代表 ； 公務員 ； 賄賂 ； 德國刑法 ； 108e ； 台灣刑法

並列摘要

The starting points of this thesis are the following questions: how should the criminal law deal with the slight influences of the mandate holders’ powers? Are the current regulations of the criminal law appropriate? Basing on that, the thesis mainly focus on two konkrete questions: Do the mandate holders belong to the public officials? Are there any differences in bribing between the mandate holders and public officials?

With regard to that, the german criminal law chooses to exclude the mandate holders from the public officials. The development of the bribery of mandate holders is extremely intricate: in 1871 at the period of the RStGB, the bribery of mandate holders as a hyponym was put in the bribing voters; in 1953, Germany extended the punishment range of this section. So the agreement of the both sides was no longer necessary. Relatively, Germany also made a great restriction of the scope of that section, so that the bribery of mandate holders was no longer punished and a punishment leak came into being; in 1994, Germany stipulated a autonomous bribing delegates by an amendment to the German Criminal Code. However, the punishment range of this section is extraordinary narrow, so that it only punished anybody, who undertook to buy or sell a vote for an election or ballot in the European Parliament or in a parliament of the Federation, the member states, municipalities or municipal associations. At last in 2014, Germany made a large modification of 108e StGB and broadened the punishment scope, in order to ratify the international instruments against corruption. In compare to related provisions of other countries of Europe and the requests of the international instruments against corruption, the currently in effect 108e StGB still fails to fulfill the leak of punishment.

Basing on the german doctrines’ discussion about this section and the comparison with some countries of Europe, this thesis pulls the viewpoint back in Taiwan: tries to figure out the approach and dilemma of the current bribery provisions in Criminal Code of the Republic of China; then attempts to give some practicable solutions.

並列關鍵字

mandate holders ； public official ； bribe ； German Criminal Code ； 108e ； Criminal Code of the Republic of China

參考文獻

蔡墩銘，〈關於賄賂罪之職務上行為〉，《國立台灣大學法學論叢》， 第1卷第1期，1971年10月，頁237-241。

黃榮堅，〈刑法上個別化公務員概念〉，《台大法學論叢》，第38卷第4期，2009年12月，頁273-334。

黃榮堅，〈2010年刑事法發展回顧：慾望年代，慾望刑法？〉，《台大法學論叢》，第40卷特刊，2011年10月，頁1795-1841。

林東茂，〈危險犯的法律性質〉，《台大法學論叢》，第23卷第2期，1994年6月，頁267-304。

薛智仁，〈刑法明確性原則之新定位：評介德國聯邦憲法法院之背信罪合憲性裁定〉，《台大法學論叢》，第44卷第2期，2015年6月，頁599-664。