資源生產力暨其相關政策評估

Resource Productivity and Related Policies Evaluation

邱銘誠(Ming-Cheng Chiu)

指導教授 ： 馬鴻文

國立臺灣大學/工學院/環境工程學研究所/碩士(2012年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2012.02788

摘要

自古至今，不管是經濟或社會之發展皆有賴於不同種類資源的多元運用。然而於工業革命之後，伴隨經濟快速成長的還有資源耗用以及環境劣化議題。也因此相關研究領域特別著重在如何提高資源生產力以及降低環境衝擊兩方面，以求改善問題，朝向更永續運用資源之路邁進。
其中「資源生產力」為一重要指標，主要用途是檢視一國家之經濟成長與資源使用方面二者間是否能夠脫鉤。但此指標為了追求能夠廣為應用，設計上顯得稍微簡化，並不能完全展現資源運用的完整效率。故本研究第一部分為探討資源生產力指標之不足，並且設計一項能更全面描述資源使用效率之指標，「具回收基礎之資源生產力 (Recycling based Resource Productivity, RRP)」。
但不管任何指標之設計與計算，目的都是為了觀察社會環境狀態，以及用於相關政策之設計與成效衡量。因此本研究第二部分將納入「制度分析」與「方案評估」兩種研究工具，分別用來解釋當前政策運作背景，以及衡量政策可能產生之影響。在此研究脈絡下，資源生產力、制度分析與方案評估三者間之關係為資源生產力提供更完善之指標作為政策目標，制度分析提供更詳實之政策理論模型，方案評估涵蓋以上兩者，彙整為一完整之資源政策成效評估模式。
而為了能更具體描述此模式之樣貌，選取臺灣2010年紙類物質流進行RRP計算，並且設計「限制產品過度包裝」政策之衡量方法，作為研究案例驗證此政策評估模式。結果顯示臺灣紙類當前回收水準已提高至超過六成，但整體用量卻未見下降；RRP計算結果則說明了當衡量原生與再生資源所生產之產品差異、不同產業別運用資源之差異，以及納入未來可再運用之效益後，整體生產力表現將約為傳統計算方式之四倍。

關鍵字

資源生產力 ； 制度分析 ； 方案評估 ； 紙類物質流 ； 限制產品過度包裝

並列摘要

Throughout the history and until now, either economic or social development depends on the versatile applications of different kinds of resources. But since the Industrial Revolution, the issue of resources depletion and environmental degradation come along with the rapid economic growth. Hence, in order to improve the problems and thus move forward to more sustainable utilization of resources, related study fields especially focuses on how to promote resource productivity and to abate the environmental impact.
“Resource productivity” is an important indicator, examining whether the economic growth and resources usage could decouple. However, since the indicator is sought to be widely applied, the design of it is somehow simplified, which fails to show the overall efficiency of resources use. As a result, the first part of this study is to investigate the inefficiency of the indicator “resource productivity”, and design one that could describe resources use efficiency more completely: “Recycling based Resource Productivity (RRP).”
Any indicator is designed and calculated for observing social environment status, as well as related policies making and the effect evaluation. Therefore, in the second part of this research, two methods “Institutional Analysis and Development” and “program evaluation” are adopted respectively to explain the present operation background of the policy, and assess the possible effects of that policy. Following this thread of thought, resource productivity contributes a more comprehensive indicator for policy goal; Institutional Analysis and Development provides a rather detailed theory policy model; and program evaluation includes those two mentioned before. The interaction among the three factors then builds up an integrated evaluation model of the resource policy effect.
To elucidate the model more concretely, the paper material flow in 2010 Taiwan is selected as the case study to run RRP calculation, and an evaluation method of the policy “Excessive Product Packaging Restrictions” is designed. The result shows that current recycling of paper in Taiwan has raised to over 60%, but the entire usage volume does not seem to decrease. The RRP result, on the other hand, illustrates that the differences of products made from raw material and secondary resource, the divergence between various industries in applying resources, and also, after the benefit of resources re-applied in the future is considered, the whole productivity is around four times the performance of traditional calculation method.

並列關鍵字

resource productivity ； Institutional Analysis and Development ； program evaluation ； paper material flow ； Excessive Product Packaging Restrictions

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