- 學位論文
臺灣二葉松與臺灣五葉松松針抽出成分之抗微生物活性探討
Antimicrobial Activities of Extracts from the Needles of Pinus taiwanensis and Pinus morrisonicola
摘要
本研究之主要目的為分析台灣二葉松（Pinus taiwanensis Hay.）與台灣五葉松（Pinus morrisonicola Hay.）松針抽出成分，以腐朽菌、植物病原菌及細菌等進行抗微生物活性試驗。由氣相層析-質譜儀（GC-MS）分析結果得知，兩種松針精油之主要成分為單萜類及倍半萜類化合物，其精油組成分極為近似。抗細菌試驗結果顯示，二葉松精油對於大腸桿菌（Escherichia coli）、副溶血弧菌（Vibrio parahaemolyticus）及金黃色葡萄球菌（Staphylococcus aureus）具有抑制效果，五葉松精油則對於大腸桿菌、副溶血弧菌、糞腸球菌（Enterococcus faecalis）及金黃色葡萄球菌具有抑制效果（MIC≦1000 μg/ml）。精油抗真菌試驗結果顯示，在各種試驗濃度之下，枯葉精油較鮮葉抑制效果佳，而五葉松精油抑制效果較二葉松精油優異，本研究亦證實Caryophyllene oxide是松針精油中最佳抗真菌成分。 兩種松針乙醇抽出物抗真菌效果不佳，進一步將其以液相-液相分配分離成四個分離部，然後再次進行抗真菌試驗，結果顯示只有正己烷可溶部抗菌活性稍佳，證實松針抗真菌化合物多數為低極性物質。
並列摘要
Chemical compositions of extracts from the needles of Pinus taiwanensis and Pinus morrisonicola were analyzed. Their antimicrobial activities against wood decay fungi, plant pathogen fungi and bacteria were investigated. The total phenols assay and needles decay resistance tests were used to investigate the relationship between needle structure and decay fungi resistance. Results from GC-MS analyses showed that monoterpenoids and sesquiterpenoids were the main constituents of needle essential oils, and the constituents of essential oils of these two species were quite similar. Antibacterial test revealed that the essential oil of P. taiwanensis effectively inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Staphylococcus aureus, while the essential oil of P. morrisonicola suppressed the growth of E. coli, V. parahaemolyticus, Enterococcus faecalis, and S. aureus (MIC≦1000 μg/ml). According to the results of essential oils of antifungal tests, antifungal activity of P. morrisonicola was better than that of P. taiwanensis. Among the chemical constituents of the essential oils, caryophyllene oxide was proven to be the most effectively antifungal compound. The ethanolic extract was separated into four subfractions by liquid-liquid partition. The n-hexane subfractions exhibited a better antifungal activities.