遮光、氮素濃度與溫度對美人蕉及美鐵芋生長之影響

Effects of Shading, Nitrogen Concentration and Temperature on the Growth of Canna spp. and Zamioculcas zamiifolia.

李佳紋(Chia-Wen Li)

指導教授 ： 葉德銘

國立臺灣大學/生物資源暨農學院/園藝學研究所/碩士(2005年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2005.01945

摘要

摘要（Abstract）
本論文主要目的為探討遮光、氮素濃度與溫度對美人蕉生長與開花之影響。於7 - 2月間，設施內不遮光下之大花美人蕉較易萌發側枝，光合作用效率較高，且有助於開花及乾重之累積；輕度遮光（18%、30%、34%）下之美人蕉株高、葉片數、葉面積均較不遮光及重度遮光（68%、73%、80%）處理下為佳。美人蕉‘Orange Perfection’、‘Purpurea’及‘Pretoria aka Bengal Tiger’不遮光下之生長表現均較其他兩處理者佳。而本研究之參試品種於過度遮光下（68%、73%、80%）皆不利於生長。
以0、4、8、16及32 mM五種氮素處理，研究氮素濃度對美人蕉（‘Orange Perfection’、‘Purpurea’及‘Pretoria aka Bengal Tiger’）生長之影響。經處理4個月後調查結果，隨者氮素濃度增加，介質pH皆呈曲線下降之趨勢；各處理之介質EC隨者氮素濃度增加而增加，施用32 mM之氮處理者以Pour-through測之EC值高至3.9 - 4.3 dS m-1。缺氮處理之‘Orange Perfection’及‘Purpurea’葉片之葉綠素讀值偏低。當生長在氮素濃度0 mM處理時，乾重顯著較低。‘Orange Perfection’最大總乾重發生於16 mM N，之後總乾重不再增加；當‘Purpurea’氮素濃度超過16 mM時，總乾重顯著減少；‘Pretoria aka Bengal Tiger’施用8 mM時達最大總乾重，其後即使肥料濃度再增加，總乾重也不增加。
美人蕉種植於日/夜溫度為15/13℃、20/15℃、25/20℃、30/25℃及35/30℃五種溫控之自然光照溫室，結果顯示，最適宜美人蕉生長與開花之溫度約為25/20℃；此溫度下，能夠累積足夠之乾物重並快速進行葉片分化，進而有利到花日數縮短、小花數及花梗長達顯著。美人蕉在高溫（30/25℃及35/30℃）有利於植株快速生長，但是地下部卻生長緩慢，而低溫（15/13℃及20/15℃）下，可使植株將養份集中於地下部，有利分枝形成，但是株高較矮且地上部生長速率遲緩。
摘要（Abstract）
本論文研究遮光、肥料濃度與頻率及溫度對美鐵芋生長之影響。以68%遮光下，植株能增加較多之枝條數，且有利枝條萌發日數縮短，並能累積較重之地上部及地下部乾重，為適合美鐵芋生產之光度範圍。78%以上之遮光處理，雖然枝條長度較長，但徒長枝條較為瘦弱，而使地上部乾重較輕，且養分不易蓄積於地下部，使得根莖與根乾重減少。過度遮光下（88%）累積最少乾重，不利美鐵芋生長。
美鐵芋為生長緩慢之植物，不需較高之供肥頻率即有良好之生長；但是每週施用2次一倍之培養液則有助於品質之提升；本研究中生長品質良好之植株葉片成分為2.2% - 2.4% N；0.2% P；1.6% – 2.4 % K；1.0 % – 1.5% Ca；0.3% - 0.4% Mg。
對美鐵芋插穗貯藏後之生長而言，貯藏期限顯著影響美鐵芋插穗之發根、側枝數、根乾重及根莖乾重；在0 – 20℃內，以11天為貯藏上限，貯藏15天後取出種植者，其生長最差。
美鐵芋於20/15℃以下較不利於發根，地上部亦無側芽形成；在25/20℃下適合地下部生長，但無側芽形成；30/25℃擁有100﹪之發根率，形成最多根數，側枝也較多。
根溫顯著影響美鐵芋植株枝條數及枝條萌發所需天數，根溫25℃處理下植株擁有最長之枝條長、平均產生較多枝條數，且顯著有利於小葉乾重、枝條乾重及根莖與根乾重之累積，為適合美鐵芋生長之溫度；30℃根溫處理下不利葉片之生長，形成之枝條也較為瘦弱，可能已經超過適合美鐵芋生長之根溫範圍。

關鍵字

遮光 ； 氮素濃度 ； 溫度 ； 美人蕉 ； 美鐵芋

並列摘要

Summary
The objectives of this study were conducted on the effect of shading, nitrogen concentration and temperature on the growth and flowering of Canna spp. On the shading treatment, Canna ×generalis sprout the lateral shoot easier, have the higher photosynthesis efficiency and contribute to flowering and dry matter accumulation under 0% shading between July to February. Under light shading（18%、30%、34%）, the height , the number of leaf and the leaf area of Canna spp. show the better growth response than 0% shading treatment or heavy shading ones（68%、73%、80%）. ‘Orange Perfection’、‘Purpurea’and‘Pretoria aka Bengal Tiger’ have the better growth under 0% shading treatment than the other two treatment. Heavy shading treatment （68%、73%、80%）was insufficient to growth for all the cultivar conducted in this study.
Effect of nitrogen application on growth were studied in‘Orange Perfection’、‘Purpurea’and ‘Pretoria aka Bengal Tiger’ with five different concentrations of modified Hoagland nutrient solution（0, 4, 8, 16, 32 mM-N）. Regression analysis indicated a significant quadratic effect between nutrient solution concentration and medium pH, the decreased in pH with the increasing fertilizer concentration. The electronic conductivity (EC) of medium generally increased with the increasing nitrogen concentration application, EC has the highest value (3.9 - 4.3 dS m-1) with the N concentration of 32 mM-N. The chlorophyll content measured by SPAD chlorophyll meter, the result suggested that the CMR value was lowest with N concentration of 0 mM-N on ‘Orange Perfection’ and ‘Purpurea’. The dry weight has the similar trend to the SPAD measurement. On ‘Orange Perfection’, the maximum total dry weight was obtained when plants were fertilized with 16 mM-N. Dry weight of ‘Purpurea’ significant decreased with increasing N concentration up to 16 mM-N.‘Pretoria aka Bengal Tiger’has the maximum dry weight with 8 mM-N treatment.
Canna spp. grew in 5 different day/night temperature (15/13℃, 20/15℃, 25/20℃, 30/25℃ and 35/30℃) with the natural sunlight condition showed that the 25/20℃ treatment enhanced the growth and flowering, therefore, speeded the differentiation of leaf and cumulated enough dry matter to encourage flowering, shorten the days to flowering, and the number of florets and spike length have the best response. 30/25℃ and 35/30℃ treatment were beneficial for plant to growth fast, but the growth for underground is quite slow. Under low temperature treatment (15/13℃ and 20/15℃), it showed that plant save nutrient to rivet on underground which was beneficial to the formation of lateral shoot, on contrast, the plant height were shorter and aboveground growth slowly.
Summary
The objectives of this study were conducted on the effect of shading, fertilizatied concentration and temperature on the growth of Zamioculcas zamiifolia.When shading, Zamioculcas zamiifolia sprouted the lateral shoot easier and this treatment, shorten the days to sprouting and dry mass accumulation under 68% shading which was optimal for Zamioculcas zamiifolia growth. Over 78% shading, plants had longer shoots, but spindling, and the weight of aerial shoot were lighter, and the reduced the weight of rhizome and roots resulted from plants. Under the excessive shading treatment（88%）, plants accumulated minimum dry weight which was unfavorable to growth.
Zamioculcas zamiifolia were slow-growing plants which have well growth without high fertigated frequency, but it could promote plant quality if apply twice per week. The contents of macro-nutrient of under the experiments constructed in this study from health Zamioculcas zamiifolia were 2.2% - 2.4% N, 0.2% P, 1.6% – 2.4 % K, 1.0 % – 1.5% Ca and 0.3% – 0.4% Mg.
It’s terms of the growth of cuttings after storage, the number of lateral shoot, the rooting condition and the dry weight of roots and rhizomes were significant by storage duration.
Under any temperature treatment, there’s a limited to storage 11 days. After storage 15 days, was insufficient to growth for all temperature treatments in this study. Regardless of the storage temperature, 11 days was the limited period. And more then 15 days, cuttings had the wrost potential to growth for all temperature in this study.
The treatment (15/13℃ and 20/15℃) under low temperature, were unfavorable to root and to form of lateral shoots. The 25/20℃ treatment was optimal to the root growth, but helpless to the formation of lateral shoot. There were have the maximum rooting percentage (100%) and in no. of root and lateral shoot in 30/25℃.
Root temperature affected the number of shoot and days to sprouting significantly. Plants had the longest and more shoots at 25℃ root temperature, and it was useful in accumulation of leaflet, shoot, rhizome and roots dry weight powerfully. Under 30℃ was unfavorable to the leaf growth but formed emaciated lateral shoots, that maybe exceed the optimal root temperature for Zamioculcas zamiifolia growth .

並列關鍵字

Shading ； Nitrogen concentration ； Temperature ； Canna spp.Zamioculcas zamiifolia.

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