計程車於都市公共運輸中被定義為「副大眾運輸系統」,相較於一般大眾運輸系統,具有方便、迅速、及門、私密、舒適等服務特性,在經濟活動頻繁的都會區中扮演著重要的角色。過去計程車管理之研究課題多著重於費率與定價,然而求解出最適費率後,皆未能進一步針對費率結構及其合理性進行探討。本研究建立計程計時制之費率結構,空車成本由每趟旅次平均分攤、令起跳里程為零而以平均每趟空車成本作為起跳運價,另依據實際搭乘里程與時間進行計費,可消除目前費率結構中無法反映市場營運現況、空車成本分攤不公平以及無法反映時間成本之問題,使訂定之運價能符合不同計程車營運及供需型態。 研究中以臺北縣市地區計程車市場歷年營運情形為基準,設計五套營運情境作為情境分析案例,透過彈性之設定探討不同情境下,採用本研究設定費率結構之可能情形。研究結果顯示當營運環境優良時,本研究提出之費率結構可使營運環境趨向良性循環,且其效果隨著彈性絕對值越大,效果越明顯。
Taxi is defined as a paratransit in urban public transportation systems. Comparing with conventional public transit systems, taxi has features of convenience, speediness, privacy and comfort. As a result, it plays an important role in urban area. Most studies of taxi focus on optimal pricing and management; however, few of them discussed the reasonableness of the fare structure. This study aims to formulate a new fare structure in which the flag-drop distant is re-examed while the average vacant cost is considered as the flag-drop fee. In the proposed fare structure, the mean fare is determined by passengers’ travel distant and time so that it can eliminate the problems in existing fare structure that can not reflect the market status, time cost, and the unfairness of sharing vacant cost. It is concluded that the new fare structure is able to accommodate different demand and supply patterns. This study has also used the historical taxi operation data in Taipei metropolitan area to verify the applicability of the new fare structure based on scenario analysis. It is shown that the new fare structure applied in a good operational environment can lead the taxi market situation into virtuous circle, in which the effectiveness is comparatively better for operational environment with higher price elasticity.