廠商創新因素探討－台灣生技產業之實證

本研究以台灣公開發行的生技廠商為研究對象，利用2008年至2016年間的廠商資料，探討影響台灣生技產業創新之因素。將生技產業根據經濟部工業局的分類細分為製藥產業、醫療器材產業與應用生技產業。以廠商在美國申請的專利數衡量創新的成果，並分析研發支出、地區外溢效果、政府補助、廠商特性與產業別等對其之影響。　　研究結果發現，廠商落後一年的研發投入能夠有效增加創新研發的成果。若是加入產業交乘項，多角化廠商在研發投入的創新效果相對較強，醫療器材廠商的研發投入效果比多角化廠商相對於其他廠商更加顯著。外溢效果方面，同一區域內的生技廠商，隨著外部廠商的研發投入越多，廠商自身也可能從中學習到新知，進而增進研發技術。　　若是整合生技廠商九年內的總專利申請數、總研發支出與政府補助，則可以發現研發支出仍是創新產出的重要因素，政府補助有輕微的正向顯著。此外，廠商的外銷比例對整段期間的專利申請擁有正向效果，而我國技術優異的醫療器材廠商較其他產業在專利申請上具有更多的創新發想。

關鍵字

生技廠商；創新活動；專利；研發費用；外溢效果

並列摘要

This research uses data from 2008 to 2016 to explore the determinants of innovations in the biotechnology industries in Taiwan. The biotechnology firms are categorized into three sectors: pharmaceutical industry, medical devices industry and applied biotechnology industry. And I investigate the effect of research and development expenditures, regional spillover effects, government subsidies, firm characteristics and industry category dummies on innovation performance. Innovation performance is measured by the patent applications in the United State Patent & Trademark Office. 　　The empirical analysis finds that R&D investment in the previous year can effectively increase innovation performance. Furthermore, the effect of R&D in the medical device industry is significantly higher than that of firms diversifying in different biotechnology industries, which is in turn higher than the effect in the pharmaceutical industry and applied biotechnology industry. I also find a positive spillover effect. Innovation performance is enhanced by R&D investments of other firms in the same region. 　　When I pool the data from the whole sample period, I find that R&D expenditures are still an important factor in the innovation output, and the government subsidies are slightly positive. In addition, the export ratio of manufacturers has a positive effect on patent applications, and the medical devices manufacturers have more patent applications than manufactures in the other two industries.