應用於 X/Ku-Band 低軌衛星通訊地面站雙圓極化陣列 天線模組設計

Design of Dual-Circular-Polarization Phased-Array Antenna Module for X/Ku-Band Low-Orbit Satellite Communication Base Station

林昆穎(Kun-Ying Lin)

指導教授 ： 周錫增

國立臺灣大學/電機資訊學院/電信工程學研究所/碩士(2021年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU202104180

摘要

本論文提出一雙圓極化天線單元，以堆疊式貼片天線為基礎，運作在低軌衛星頻段，分別為 10.7-12.75 GHz 與 14.0-14.5 GHz。以三層貼片天線架構設計，各層貼片呈十字形，結合周圍矩形寄生貼片提供寄生效應，兩個頻段模擬結果最大增益分別為 6.6 與 5.2 dBi，模擬輻射效率在 95% 以上。
以上述天線單元為基礎，本論文提出一鏡像擺放 2x2 陣列天線，可抑制正交極化，天線單元間距小於半波長。此 2x2 陣列可擴增為 4x4 與 8x8 大型陣列天線，具有寬頻、高增益、高交叉極化辨識度與低軸比等特性。
本論文設計一寬頻帶狀線雙工器供低軌衛星頻段使用，相位天線陣列結合雙工器與數位積體電路控制，天線陣列可實現波束成形。相較於以往切換式天線，此天線可同時收發訊號，且結合數位積體電路後仍有足夠頻寬，符合低軌衛星頻帶。
本論文完善了 X/Ku 波段升降頻器量測結果，結果與元件規格書相符，且升降頻器連接軟體定義無線電，測試收發訊號可得高辨識度 64-QAM 星座圖，能夠順利完成訊號收發。

關鍵字

雙圓極化天線 ； 低軌衛星 ； 相位陣列天線 ； 雙工器 ； 波束成形

並列摘要

This paper proposes a dual circularly polarized antenna element, based on a stacked patch antenna, operating in the low-orbit satellite frequency bands, 10.7-12.75 GHz and 14.0-14.5 GHz, respectively. The structure consists of a three-layer patch antenna architecture with the surrounding rectangular parasitic patches, each patch is cross-shaped. The maximum gains of the two frequency bands are 6.6 and 5.2 dBi respectively, and the simulated radiation efficiency is above 95%. Based on the antenna elements, a mirror-arranged 2x2 array antenna suppressing cross polarization is proposed, and the spacing is less than half a wavelength. It can be expanded into 4x4 and 8x8 large array antennas, which have broadband, high gain, high cross-polarization level and low axial ratio. The phased array antenna with diplexer and digital integrated circuit realizes beamforming. This array antenna with enough bandwidth transmits and receives signals at the same time. We proposes the X/Ku-band up/down converter with software-defined radio, and the high-recognition 64-QAM constellation diagram can be achieved.

並列關鍵字

Dual-circular-polarization antenna ； low-orbit satellite ； phased array antenna ； diplexer ； beamforming

參考文獻

參考文獻

[1] J. Foust, "SpaceX's space-Internet woes: Despite technical glitches, the company plans to launch the first of nearly 12,000 satellites in 2019," in IEEE Spectrum, vol. 56, no. 1, pp. 50-51, Jan. 2019.

[2] del Portillo Barrios, Inigo Cameron, Bruce Crawley, Edward. (2019). A technical comparison of three low earth orbit satellite constellation systems to provide global broadband. Acta Astronautica. 159. 10.1016/j.actaastro, March 2019.

[3] C. Mao, S. Gao, Q. Luo, T. Rommel and Q. Chu, "Low-Cost X/Ku/Ka-Band Dual-Polarized Array With Shared Aperture," in IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 65, no. 7, pp. 3520-3527, July 2017.

[4] Ketavath Kumar Naik and Pasumarthi Amala Vijaya Sri, "Design of Hexadecagon Circular Patch Antenna with DGS at Ku Band for Satellite Communications," Progress In Electromagnetics Research M, Vol. 63, 163-173, 2018.